The safety of colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on the healthcare systems. This study evaluated the safety of colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD 42022327968). Relevant articles were systematically searched in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The postoperative complications, anastomotic leakage, postoperative mortality, 30-day readmission, tumor stage, total hospitalization, postoperative hospitalization, preoperative waiting, operation time, and hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) were compared between the pre-pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic periods.ResultsAmong the identified 561 articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria. The data indicated that preoperative waiting time related to CRC surgery was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic (MD, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.71–1.28; p < 0.00001). A similar trend was observed for the total operative time (MD, 25.07; 95%CI, 11.14–39.00; p =0.0004), and on T4 tumor stage during the pandemic (OR, 1.77; 95%CI, 1.22–2.59; p=0.003). However, there was no difference in the postoperative complications, postoperative 90-day mortality, anastomotic leakage, and 30-day readmission times between pre-COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic periods. Furthermore, there was no difference in the total hospitalization time, postoperative hospitalization time, and hospitalization time in ICU related to CRC surgery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the safety of CRC surgery. The operation of CRC during the COVID-19 pandemic did not increase postoperative complications, postoperative 90-day mortality, anastomotic leakage, 30-day readmission, the total hospitalization time, postoperative hospitalization time, and postoperative ICU hospitalization time. However, the operation of CRC during COVID-19 pandemic increased T4 of tumor stage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the preoperative waiting and operation times were longer during the COVID-19 pandemic. This provides a reference for making CRC surgical strategy in the future.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022327968

A Novel Self-Supervised Learning-Based Anomaly Node Detection Method Based on an Autoencoder in Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the issue that existing wireless sensor network (WSN)-based anomaly detection methods only consider and analyze temporal features, in this paper, a self-supervised learning-based anomaly node detection method based on an autoencoder is designed. This method integrates temporal WSN data flow feature extraction, spatial position feature extraction and intermodal WSN correlation feature extraction into the design of the autoencoder to make full use of the spatial and temporal information of the WSN for anomaly detection. First, a fully connected network is used to extract the temporal features of nodes by considering a single mode from a local spatial perspective. Second, a graph neural network (GNN) is used to introduce the WSN topology from a global spatial perspective for anomaly detection and extract the spatial and temporal features of the data flows of nodes and their neighbors by considering a single mode. Then, the adaptive fusion method involving weighted summation is used to extract the relevant features between different models. In addition, this paper introduces a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to solve the long-term dependence problem of the time dimension. Eventually, the reconstructed output of the decoder and the hidden layer representation of the autoencoder are fed into a fully connected network to calculate the anomaly probability of the current system. Since the spatial feature extraction operation is advanced, the designed method can be applied to the task of large-scale network anomaly detection by adding a clustering operation. Experiments show that the designed method outperforms the baselines, and the F1 score reaches 90.6%, which is 5.2% higher than those of the existing anomaly detection methods based on unsupervised reconstruction and prediction. Code and model are available at https://github.com/GuetYe/anomaly_detection/GLS

Genome Sequencing Reveals Unique Mutations in Characteristic Metabolic Pathways and the Transfer of Virulence Genes between V. mimicus and V. cholerae

Vibrio mimicus, the species most similar to V. cholerae, is a microbe present in the natural environmental and sometimes causes diarrhea and internal infections in humans. It shows similar phenotypes to V. cholerae but differs in some biochemical characteristics. The molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in biochemical metabolism between V. mimicus and V. cholerae are currently unclear. Several V. mimicus isolates have been found that carry cholera toxin genes (ctxAB) and cause cholera-like diarrhea in humans. Here, the genome of the V. mimicus isolate SX-4, which carries an intact CTX element, was sequenced and annotated. Analysis of its genome, together with those of other Vibrio species, revealed extensive differences within the Vibrionaceae. Common mutations in gene clusters involved in three biochemical metabolism pathways that are used for discrimination between V. mimicus and V. cholerae were found in V. mimicus strains. We also constructed detailed genomic structures and evolution maps for the general types of genomic drift associated with pathogenic characters in polysaccharides, CTX elements and toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP) gene clusters. Overall, the whole-genome sequencing of the V. mimicus strain carrying the cholera toxin gene provides detailed information for understanding genomic differences among Vibrio spp. V. mimicus has a large number of diverse gene and nucleotide differences from its nearest neighbor, V. cholerae. The observed mutations in the characteristic metabolism pathways may indicate different adaptations to different niches for these species and may be caused by ancient events in evolution before the divergence of V. cholerae and V. mimicus. Horizontal transfers of virulence-related genes from an uncommon clone of V. cholerae, rather than the seventh pandemic strains, have generated the pathogenic V. mimicus strain carrying cholera toxin genes

IR-CP-ABE: Identity Revocable Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption for Flexible Secure Group-Based Communication

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryp- tion (CP-ABE) is an access control mechanism over encrypted data and well suited for secure group-based communication. However, it also suffers from the fol- lowing problem, i.e., it is impossible to build all de- sired groups. For example, if two group members have exactly the same attributes, how to construct a group including only one of the two members? Obviously, at- tributes alone cannot distinguish these two members, therefore existing CP-ABE solutions do not work. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a new CP-ABE scheme (called IR-CP-ABE) that incorporates an Identity-based Revocation capability. With IR-CP-ABE, an access policy will be constructed by not only group members’ attributes but also their identities. To build a group, first, build a candidate group based on all de- sired group members’ attributes; second, remove unde- sired members by revoking their identities. By evaluat- ing the security and efficiency of a proposed construc- tion, we show that the IR-CP-ABE scheme is secure and efficient for practical applications

Effect of Particle Size on the Wear Property of Magnetorheological Fluid

Aiming to study the effect of particle size on the wear property of magnetorheological fluid (MRF), experiment materials, preparation process, and test methods are elaborated, and three different MRF samples consisting of particles of different size are prepared. Test experiments are carried out and the effect of particle size on the wear property of MRF is discussed. Moreover, the microstructures of particles extracted from MRF obtained before and after the wear experiments are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that the particle size has a significant effect on wear property of MRF. Furthermore, the MRF with particles of 1.5–2.8 μm diameter on average is good for the requirement of engineering applications

Effects of Cl − on Cu 2 O nanocubes for direct epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen

Abstract(#br)Promoters have been widely used in industrial catalysis but understanding the mechanism behind their function is still a challenging subject. As ideal model catalysts, nanocrystal catalysts with well−defined exposing facets and relatively large specific surface have attracted intense attention. We explored the effect of Cl − loading on Cu 2 O nanocubes enclosed by (100) facets for the direct epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Interestingly, a volcano−type curve was obtained when the selectivity and conversion are plotted as a function of the loading amount of Cl − , indicating that optimal surface O/Cl − ratio is critical for desirable catalytic performance

Evaluating the performance of PC-ANN for the estimation of rice nitrogen concentration from canopy hyperspectral reflectance

In this study, a wide range of leaf nitrogen concentration levels was established in field-grown rice with the application of three fertilizer levels. Hyperspectral reflectance data of the rice canopy through rice whole growth stages were acquired over the 350 nm to 2500 nm range. Comparisons of prediction power of two statistical methods (linear regression technique (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN)), for rice N estimation (nitrogen concentration, mg nitrogen g(-1) leaf dry weight) were performed using two different input variables (nitrogen sensitive hyperspectral reflectance and principal component scores). The results indicted very good agreement between the observed and the predicted N with all model methods, which was especially true for the PC-ANN model (artificial neural network based on principal component scores), with an RMSE 0.347 and REP 13.14%. Compared to the LR algorithm, the ANN increased accuracy by lowering the RMSE by 17.6% and 25.8% for models based on spectral reflectance and PCs, respectively

Ellipticity-dependent sequential over-barrier ionization of cold rubidium

We perform high-resolution measurements of momentum distribution on Rb$^{n+}$ recoil ions up to charge state $n=4$, where laser-cooled rubidium atoms are ionized by femtosecond elliptically polarized lasers with the pulse duration of 35 fs and the intensity of 3.3$\times$10$^{15}$ W/cm$^2$ in the over-barrier ionization (OBI) regime. The momentum distributions of the recoil ions are found to exhibit multi-band structures as the ellipticity varies from the linear to circular polarizations. The origin of these band structures can be explained quantitatively by the classical OBI model and dedicated classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations with Heisenberg potential. Specifically, with back analysis of the classical trajectories, we reveal the ionization time and the OBI geometry of the sequentially released electrons, disentangling the mechanisms behind the tilted angle of the band structures. These results indicate that the classical treatment can describe the strong-field multiple ionization processes of alkali atoms

Immune microenvironment analysis and novel biomarkers of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma evolution

BackgroundLung cancer is the deadliest and most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) dropped significantly when tumor stages advanced. Patients who received surgically resecting at the pre-invasive stage had a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%. However, the study on the differences in gene expression profiles and immune microenvironment among pre-invasive LUAD patients is still lacking.MethodsIn this study, the gene expression profiles of three pre-invasive LUAD stages were compared using the RNA-sequencing data of 10 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) samples, 12 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) samples, and 10 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) samples.ResultsThe high expression levels of PTGFRN (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.45; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.08-1.94; log-rank P = 0.013) and SPP1 (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.07-1.93; log-rank P = 0.015) were identified to be associated with LUAD prognosis. Moreover, the early LUAD invasion was accompanied by the enhancement of antigen presentation ability, reflected by the increase of myeloid dendritic cells infiltration rate (Cuzick test P < 0.01) and the upregulation of seven important genes participating in the antigen presentation, including HLA-A (Cuzick test P = 0.03), MICA (Cuzick test P = 0.01), MICB (Cuzick test P = 0.01), HLA-DPA1 (Cuzick test P = 0.04), HLA-DQA2 (Cuzick test P < 0.01), HLA-DQB1 (Cuzick test P = 0.03), and HLA-DQB2 (Cuzick test P < 0.01). However, the tumor-killing ability of the immune system was inhibited during this process, as there were no rising cytotoxic T cell activity (Cuzick test P = 0.20) and no increasing expression in genes encoding cytotoxic proteins. ConclusionIn all, our research elucidated the changes in the immune microenvironment during early-stage LUAD evolution and may provide a theoretical basis for developing novel early-stage lung cancer therapeutic targets

Genomic mapping of phosphorothioates reveals partial modification of short consensus sequences

Bacterial phosphorothioate (PT) DNA modifications are incorporated by Dnd proteins A-E and often function with DndF-H as a restriction-modification (R-M) system, as in Escherichia coli B7A. However, bacteria such as Vibrio cyclitrophicus FF75 lack dndF-H, which points to other PT functions. Here we report two novel, orthogonal technologies to map PTs across the genomes of B7A and FF75 with >90% agreement: single molecule, real-time sequencing and deep sequencing of iodine-induced cleavage at PT (ICDS). In B7A, we detect PT on both strands of G[subscript ps]AAC/G[subscript ps]TTC motifs, but with only 12% of 40,701 possible sites modified. In contrast, PT in FF75 occurs as a single-strand modification at C[subscript ps]CA, again with only 14% of 160,541 sites modified. Single-molecule analysis indicates that modification could be partial at any particular genomic site even with active restriction by DndF-H, with direct interaction of modification proteins with GAAC/GTTC sites demonstrated with oligonucleotides. These results point to highly unusual target selection by PT-modification proteins and rule out known R-M mechanisms.National Natural Science Foundation (China)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (973 and 863 Programs)Shanghai Municipal Council of Science and Technology. Shanghai Pujiang ProgramNational Science Foundation (U.S.) (CHE-1019990)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES002109)Singapore. National Research Foundation (Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology