Risk and contributing factors of ecosystem shifts over naturally vegetated land under climate change in China.

Identifying the areas at risk of ecosystem transformation and the main contributing factors to the risk is essential to assist ecological adaptation to climate change. We assessed the risk of ecosystem shifts in China using the projections of four global gridded vegetation models (GGVMs) and an aggregate metric. The results show that half of naturally vegetated land surface could be under moderate or severe risk at the end of the 21st century under the middle and high emission scenarios. The areas with high risk are the Tibetan Plateau region and an area extended northeastward from the Tibetan Plateau to northeast China. With the three major factors considered, the change in carbon stocks is the main contributing factor to the high risk of ecosystem shifts. The change in carbon fluxes is another important contributing factor under the high emission scenario. The change in water fluxes is a less dominant factor except for the Tibetan Plateau region under the high emission scenario. Although there is considerable uncertainty in the risk assessment, the geographic patterns of the risk are generally consistent across different scenarios. The results could help develop regional strategies for ecosystem conservation to cope with climate change

Rapid Determination of Saponins in the Honey-Fried Processing of Rhizoma Cimicifugae by Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy.

ObjectiveA model of Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIR-DRS) was established for the first time to determine the content of Shengmaxinside I in the honey-fried processing of Rhizoma Cimicifugae.MethodsShengmaxinside I content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the data of the honey-fried processing of Rhizoma Cimicifugae samples from different batches of different origins by NIR-DRS were collected by TQ Analyst 8.0. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was used to establish a near-infrared quantitative model.ResultsThe determination coefficient R² was 0.9878. The Cross-Validation Root Mean Square Error (RMSECV) was 0.0193%, validating the model with a validation set. The Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) was 0.1064%. The ratio of the standard deviation for the validation samples to the standard error of prediction (RPD) was 5.5130.ConclusionThis method is convenient and efficient, and the experimentally established model has good prediction ability, and can be used for the rapid determination of Shengmaxinside I content in the honey-fried processing of Rhizoma Cimicifugae

How Does Enterprise Social Software Impact on Employees’ Innovation Behavior? The Role of Symbolic Capital

Organizations are increasingly adopting new technologies, such as enterprise social software (ESS), which afford employees a repertoire of uses. They not simply focused on work but also on socialization and entertainment. Previous research suggested that the implementation of ESS in an organization had an impact on their employee’s creative behavior. However, how does it impact on is still not clear. In the present study, the generative mechanism of the impact on their employee’s innovation behavior is investigated. Based on the practice theory of Bourdieu and theory of critical realism, a large number of interviews within four small medium enterprises was conducted by the grounded theory methodology. The results indicated that the impact on their employee’s creative behavior was accomplished by four steps, i.e., ESS usage, capitals reproduced, being recognized and practice of creation. The managerial implications from our study are discussed finally. Keywords: ESS, Symbolic capital, Innovation behavior, Generative mechanis

Combustion Behaviour of Fe2O3-coated Zirconium Particles in Air

AbstractZirconium metal powder is widely used in aerospace and military as a metal fuel because of its high combustion rate and heat. This powder is used to produce flash powder, fireworks, artillery shells, timing bomb fuses and solid propellant rocket fuel. To comply with the special requirements for aerospace and military applications, zirconium particles are coated with Fe2O3 ferrite magnetite nanoparticles to form a core-shell structure. This process alters the combustion performance of the coated zirconium dust. In this study, the combustion behaviour of Fe2O3-coated zirconium particles in the air is explored. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry are used to examine the micromorphology, phase composition, crystal structure, thermal stability and reactivity of Fe2O3-coated zirconium particles. The combustion behaviour is presented, with the coating layer of Fe2O3-coated zirconium particles generating a replacement reaction with the inner core zirconium. The inner zirconium induced an oxidation-reduction reaction with oxygen and pure Fe was oxidised at high temperatures. The decomposition reaction was due to the residue of Fe2O3 that did not react with zirconium

Structural response and optimization of airtight blast door under gas explosion load

Airtight blast door, as one of the key components of a rescue device or a ventilating device in underground coal mine, which can not only guarantee the normal operation ventilation system, but also can prevent the propagation of shock wave and invasion of toxic gases. Therefore, high structural stability and safety is fundamental when designing a door. An airtight blast door was developed and optimized based on static analysis and topological optimization, and dynamic response analysis of the optimized airtight blast door subjected to gas explosion load was conducted using a novel approach proposed in this paper-the FEM-SPH contact algorithm. Results showed that the main component weight of this kind of door is 27.4 % smaller than the original one without reducing the blast and impact behavior, the maximum displacement and stress of the optimization door obtained by FEM-SPH contact algorithm (dynamic response) are much larger than those using static mechanical analysis. The FEM-SPH contact algorithm and typical optimization method as well as the example presented in this paper are helpful for the original design and optimization of other products. Some conducive suggestions were recommended based on the simulation results

Numerical simulation on structural safety and dynamic response of coal mine rescue ball with gas explosion load using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm

Coal mine rescue devices, which can supply miners underground with fundamental shelters after gas explosion, are essential for safety production of coal mines. In this paper, a novel and composite structure-rescue antiknock ball for coal mine rescue is designed. Further, the structural safety and dynamic response under gas explosion of the antiknock ball is investigated by ALE algorithm. To achieve this goal, the ALE finite element method is described in dynamic form, and governing equations and the finite element expressions of the ALE algorithm are derived. 3 balls with different structures are designed and dynamic response analysis has been conducted in a semi-closed tunnel with explosive load of pre-mixed gas/air mixture by using ALE algorithm based on explicit nonlinear dynamic program LS-DYNA. Displacement field, stress field and energy transmission laws are analyzed and compared via theoretical calculations. Results show that the cabin door, emergency door and spherical shell are important components of the rescue ball. The 3# composite ball is the optimization structure that can delay the shock effect of the gas explosion load on a coal mine rescue system; the simulation results can provide reference data for coal mine rescue system design