Reply to "Comment on 'Semiquantum-key distribution using less than four quantum states' "

Recently Boyer and Mor pointed out the first conclusion of Lemma 1 in our original paper is not correct, and therefore, the proof of Theorem 5 based on Lemma 1 is wrong. Furthermore, they gave a direct proof for Theorem 5 and affirmed the conclusions in our original paper. In this reply, we admit the first conclusion of Lemma 1 is not correct, but we need to point out the second conclusion of Lemma 1 is correct. Accordingly, all the proofs for Lemma 2, Lemma 3, and Theorems 3--6 are only based on the the second conclusion of Lemma 1 and therefore are correct.Comment: 1 pag

Design and finite element mode analysis of noncircular gear

The noncircular gear transmission is an important branch of the gear transmission, it is characterized by its compact structure, good dynamic equilibration and other advantages, and can be used in the automobile, engineering machine, ship, machine tool, aviation and spaceflight field etc. Studying on the dynamics feature of noncircular gear transmission can improve the ability to carry loads of, reduce the vibration and noise of, increase the life of the noncircular gear transmission machine, provides guidance for the design of the noncircular gear, and has significant theories and practical meanings. In this paper, the gear transmission technique is used to studied the design method of the noncircular gear, which contains distribution of teeth on the pitch curve, designs of the tooth tip curve and the tooth root curve, design of the tooth profile curve, the gear system dynamics principle is introduced to establish dynamics model for the noncircular gear; basic theory of finite element and mode analysis method are applied, finite element model for the noncircular gear is established, natural vibration characteristic of the noncircular gear is studied. And the oval gear is taken as an example, the mathematics software MathCAD, the 3D modeling software UG and the finite element software ABAQUS are used to realize precise 3D model of the oval gear. The finite element method is used, the natural vibration characteristic of the oval gear is studied, the main vibration types and natural frequencies of the oval gear and that of the equivalent cylindrical gears are analyzed and compared, the conclusions received reflect the dynamics performance of the oval gear, and solid foundation is laid for dynamics research and engineering application of the oval gear transmission

Transverse momentum broadening of vector boson production in high energy nuclear collisions

We calculate in perturbative QCD the transverse momentum broadening of vector boson production in high energy nuclear collisions. We evaluate the effect of initial-state parton multiple scattering for the production of the Drell-Yan virtual photon and $W/Z$ bosons. We calculate both the initial- and final-state multiple scattering effect for the production of heavy quarkonia and their transverse momentum broadening in both NRQCD and Color Evaporation model of quarkonium formation. We find that J/$\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ broadening in hadron-nucleus collision is close to $2C_A/C_F$ times the corresponding Drell-Yan broadening, which gives a good description of existing Fermilab data. Our calculations are also consistent with RHIC data on J/$\psi$ broadening in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We predict the transverse momentum broadening of vector boson (J/$\psi$, $\Upsilon$, and $W/Z$) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions at the LHC, and discuss the role of the vector boson broadening in diagnosing medium properties.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, revised version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Deep learning for cardiac image segmentation: A review

Deep learning has become the most widely used approach for cardiac image segmentation in recent years. In this paper, we provide a review of over 100 cardiac image segmentation papers using deep learning, which covers common imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US) and major anatomical structures of interest (ventricles, atria and vessels). In addition, a summary of publicly available cardiac image datasets and code repositories are included to provide a base for encouraging reproducible research. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations with current deep learning-based approaches (scarcity of labels, model generalizability across different domains, interpretability) and suggest potential directions for future research

Single transverse-spin asymmetry in Drell-Yan lepton angular distribution

We calculate a single transverse-spin asymmetry for the Drell-Yan lepton-pair's angular distribution in perturbative QCD. At leading order in the strong coupling constant, the asymmetry is expressed in terms of a twist-3 quark-gluon correlation function T_F^{(V)}(x_1,x_2). In our calculation, the same result was obtained in both light-cone and covariant gauge in QCD, while keeping explicit electromagnetic current conservation for the virtual photon that decays into the lepton pair. We also present a numerical estimate of the asymmetry and compare the result to an existing other prediction.Comment: 15 pages, Revtex, 5 Postscript figures, uses aps.sty, epsfig.st

The S=1/2 chain in a staggered field: High-energy bound-spinon state and the effects of a discrete lattice

We report an experimental and theoretical study of the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain subject to uniform and staggered fields. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we observe a novel bound-spinon state at high energies in the linear chain compound CuCl2 * 2((CD3)2SO). The excitation is explained with a mean-field theory of interacting S=1/2 fermions and arises from the opening of a gap at the Fermi surface due to confining spinon interactions. The mean-field model also describes the wave-vector dependence of the bound-spinon states, particularly in regions where effects of the discrete lattice are important. We calculate the dynamic structure factor using exact diagonalization of finite length chains, obtaining excellent agreement with the experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.

On several families of elliptic curves with arbitrary large Selmer groups

In this paper, we calculate the $\phi (\hat{\phi})-$Selmer groups S^{(\phi)} (E / \Q) and S^{(\hat{\varphi})} (E^{\prime} / \Q) of elliptic curves $y^{2} = x (x + \epsilon p D) (x + \epsilon q D)$ via descent theory (see [S, Chapter X]), in particular, we obtain that the Selmer groups of several families of such elliptic curves can be arbitrary large.Comment: 22 page

Secure Direct Communication Based on Secret Transmitting Order of Particles

We propose the schemes of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) based on secret transmitting order of particles. In these protocols, the secret transmitting order of particles ensures the security of communication, and no secret messages are leaked even if the communication is interrupted for security. This strategy of security for communication is also generalized to quantum dialogue. It not only ensures the unconditional security but also improves the efficiency of communication.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.