A New Method for Figuring the Number of Hidden Layer Nodes in BP Algorithm

In the field of artificial neural network, BP neural network is a multi-layer feed-forward neural network. Because it is difficult to figure the number of hidden layer nodes in a BP neural network, the theoretical basis and the existing methods for BP network hidden layer nodes are studied. Then based on traditional empirical formulas, we propose a new approach to rapidly figure the quantity of hidden layer nodes in two-layer network. That is, with the assistance of experience formulas, the horizon of unit number in hidden layer can be confirmed and its optimal value will be found in this horizon. Finally, a new formula for figuring the quantity of hidden layer codes is obtained through fitting input dimension, output dimension and the optimal value of hidden layer codes. Under some given input dimension and output dimension, efficiency and precision of BP algorithm may be improved by applying the proposed formula

On Nonuniform Polynomial Trichotomy of Linear Discrete-Time Systems in Banach Spaces

We study two nonuniform polynomial trichotomy concepts for linear discrete-time systems in Banach spaces. Our main objective is to give summation property for nonuniform polynomial trichotomies. As for applications we obtain characterization of these concepts in terms of Lyapunov functions

Design of Virtual Objects Using Transformation Optics

Two structures of virtual targets filled with metamaterials are investigated through transformation optics to tailor the specific electromagnetic fields into desired spatial patterns. One virtual structure is a square column object transformed from a dielectric cylinder and the other virtual structure is a cylinder object transformed from a dielectric square column. Because the electromagnetic parameters in the virtual objects are obtained from real objects by the method of transformation optics, the scattering fields of virtual structures are the same as those of the real objects. The numerical simulations further prove the correction of theoretical results

Controlled unidirectional reflectionlessness by coupling strength in a non-Hermitian waveguide quantum electrodynamics system

Unidirectional reflectionlessness is investigated in a waveguide quantum electrodynamics system that consists of a cavity and a $\Lambda$-type three-level quantum dot coupled to a one-dimensional plasmonic waveguide. Analytical expressions of transmission and reflection coefficients are derived and discussed for both resonant and off-resonant couplings. By appropriately modulating the coupling strength, phase shift and Rabi frequency, unidirectional reflectionlessness is observed at the exceptional points. And unidirectional coherent perfect absorption is exhibited at the vicinity of exceptional point. These results might find applications in designing quantum devices of photons, such as optical switches and single-photon transistors.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

STGC3 inhibits xenograft tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by altering the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis

STGC3 is a potential tumor suppressor that inhibits the growth of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2; the expression of this protein is reduced in nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with normal nasopharyngeal tissue. In this study, we investigated the tumor-suppressing activity of STGC3 in nude mice injected subcutaneously with Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2 cells. STGC3 expression was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of doxycycline (Dox). The volume mean of Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2+Dox xenografts was smaller than that of Tet/pTRE/CNE2+Dox xenografts. In addition, Tet/pTRE-STGC3/CNE2+Dox xenografts showed an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and an increase in Bax protein expression. A proteomic approach was used to assess the protein expression profile associated with STGC3-mediated apoptosis. Western blotting confirmed the differential up-regulation of prohibitin seen in proteomic analysis. These results indicate that overexpression of STGC3 inhibits xenograft growth in nude mice by enhancing apoptotic cell death through altered expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-2, Bax and prohibitin. These data contribute to our understanding of the function of STGC3 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provide new clues for investigating other STGC3-associated tumors

A novel image encryption scheme based on Kepler’s third law and random Hadamard transform

In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on Kepler’s third law and random Hadamard transform is proposed to ensure the security of a digital image. First, a set of Kepler periodic sequences is generated to permutate image data, which is characteristic of the plain-image and the Kepler’s third law. Then, a random Hadamard matrix is constructed by combining the standard Hadamard matrix with the hyper-Chen chaotic system, which is used to further scramble the image coefficients when the image is transformed through random Hadamard transform. In the end, the permuted image presents interweaving diffusion based on two special matrices, which are constructed by Kepler periodic sequence and chaos system. The experimental results and performance analysis show that the proposed encrypted scheme is highly sensitive to the plain-image and external keys, and has a high security and speed, which are very suitable for secure real-time communication of image data

NSUN2‐Mediated m5C Methylation and METTL3/METTL14‐Mediated m6A Methylation Cooperatively Enhance p21 Translation

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and m5C methylation are two major types of RNA methylation, but the impact of joint modifications on the same mRNA is unknown. Here, we show that in p21 3′UTR, NSUN2 catalyzes m5C modification and METTL3/METTL14 catalyzes m6A modification. Interestingly, methylation at m6A by METTL3/METTL14 facilitates the methylation of m5C by NSUN2, and vice versa. NSUN2‐mediated m5C and METTL3/METTL14‐mediated m6A methylation synergistically enhance p21 expression at the translational level, leading to elevated expression of p21 in oxidative stress‐induced cellular senescence. Our findings on p21 mRNA methylation and expression reveal that joint m6A and m5C modification of the same RNA may influence each other, coordinately affecting protein expression patterns. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2587–2598, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In p21 3’UTR,NSUN2 catalyzes m5C modification and METTL3/METTL14 catalyzes m6A modification. Methylation at m6A by METTL3/METTL14 facilitates the methylation of m5C by NSUN2, and vice versa. NSUN2‐mediated m5C and METTL3/METTL14‐mediated m6A methylation synergistically enhance p21 expression at the translational level, leading to elevated expression of p21 in oxidative stress‐induced cellular senescence.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137760/1/jcb25957.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137760/2/jcb25957_am.pd

Occurrence and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol in the Environment

Nonylphenol (NP) is an ultimate degradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE) that is primarily used in cleaning and industrial processes. Its widespread use has led to the wide existence of NP in various environmental matrices, such as water, sediment, air and soil. NP can be decreased by biodegradation through the action of microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Half-lives of biodegradation ranged from a few days to almost one hundred days. The degradation rate for NP was influenced by temperature, pH and additions of yeast extracts, surfactants, aluminum sulfate, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, manganese dioxide, ferric chloride, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals, and phthalic acid esters. Although NP is present at low concentrations in the environment, as an endocrine disruptor the risks of long-term exposure to low concentrations remain largely unknown. This paper reviews the occurrence of NP in the environment and its aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation in natural environments and sewage treatment plants, which is essential for assessing the potential risk associated with low level exposure to NP and other endocrine disruptors