WristSketcher: Creating Dynamic Sketches in AR with a Sensing Wristband

Restricted by the limited interaction area of native AR glasses (e.g., touch bars), it is challenging to create sketches in AR glasses. Recent works have attempted to use mobile devices (e.g., tablets) or mid-air bare-hand gestures to expand the interactive spaces and can work as the 2D/3D sketching input interfaces for AR glasses. Between them, mobile devices allow for accurate sketching but are often heavy to carry, while sketching with bare hands is zero-burden but can be inaccurate due to arm instability. In addition, mid-air bare-hand sketching can easily lead to social misunderstandings and its prolonged use can cause arm fatigue. As a new attempt, in this work, we present WristSketcher, a new AR system based on a flexible sensing wristband for creating 2D dynamic sketches, featuring an almost zero-burden authoring model for accurate and comfortable sketch creation in real-world scenarios. Specifically, we have streamlined the interaction space from the mid-air to the surface of a lightweight sensing wristband, and implemented AR sketching and associated interaction commands by developing a gesture recognition method based on the sensing pressure points on the wristband. The set of interactive gestures used by our WristSketcher is determined by a heuristic study on user preferences. Moreover, we endow our WristSketcher with the ability of animation creation, allowing it to create dynamic and expressive sketches. Experimental results demonstrate that our WristSketcher i) faithfully recognizes users' gesture interactions with a high accuracy of 96.0%; ii) achieves higher sketching accuracy than Freehand sketching; iii) achieves high user satisfaction in ease of use, usability and functionality; and iv) shows innovation potentials in art creation, memory aids, and entertainment applications

Genome-Wide Identification of HrpL-Regulated Genes in the Necrotrophic Phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937

BACKGROUND: Dickeya dadantii is a necrotrophic pathogen causing disease in many plants. Previous studies have demonstrated that the type III secretion system (T3SS) of D. dadantii is required for full virulence. HrpL is an alternative sigma factor that binds to the hrp box promoter sequence of T3SS genes to up-regulate their expression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To explore the inventory of HrpL-regulated genes of D. dadantii 3937 (3937), transcriptome profiles of wild-type 3937 and a hrpL mutant grown in a T3SS-inducing medium were examined. Using a cut-off value of 1.5, significant differential expression was observed in sixty-three genes, which are involved in various cellular functions such as type III secretion, chemotaxis, metabolism, regulation, and stress response. A hidden Markov model (HMM) was used to predict candidate hrp box binding sites in the intergenic regions of 3937, including the promoter regions of HrpL-regulated genes identified in the microarray assay. In contrast to biotrophic phytopathgens such as Pseudomonas syringae, among the HrpL up-regulated genes in 3937 only those within the T3SS were found to contain a hrp box sequence. Moreover, direct binding of purified HrpL protein to the hrp box was demonstrated for hrp box-containing DNA fragments of hrpA and hrpN using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). In this study, a putative T3SS effector DspA/E was also identified as a HrpL-upregulated gene, and shown to be translocated into plant cells in a T3SS-dependent manner. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCES: We provide the genome-wide study of HrpL-regulated genes in a necrotrophic phytopathogen (D. dadantii 3937) through a combination of transcriptomics and bioinformatics, which led to identification of several effectors. Our study indicates the extent of differences for T3SS effector protein inventory requirements between necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens, and may allow the development of different strategies for disease control for these different groups of pathogens

Régularisation spatiale de représentations distribuées de mots

Stimulée par l’usage intensif des téléphones mobiles, l’exploitation conjointe des don-nées textuelles et des données spatiales présentes dans les objets spatio-textuels (p. ex. tweets)est devenue la pierre angulaire à de nombreuses applications comme la recherche de lieux d’attraction. Du point de vue scientifique, ces tâches reposent de façon critique sur la représentation d’objets spatiaux et la définition de fonctions d’appariement entre ces objets. Dans cet article,nous nous intéressons au problème de représentation de ces objets. Plus spécifiquement, confortés par le succès des représentations distribuées basées sur les approches neuronales, nous proposons de régulariser les représentations distribuées de mots (c.-à-d. plongements lexicaux ou word embeddings), pouvant être combinées pour construire des représentations d’objets,grâce à leurs répartitions spatiales. L’objectif sous-jacent est de révéler d’éventuelles relations sémantiques locales entre mots ainsi que la multiplicité des sens d’un même mot. Les expérimentations basées sur une tâche de recherche d’information qui consiste à retourner le lieu physique faisant l’objet (sujet) d’un géo-texte montrent que l’intégration notre méthode de régularisation spatiale de représentations distribuées de mots dans un modèle d’appariement de base permet d’obtenir des améliorations significatives par rapport aux modèles de référence

Facile preparation of soluble poly(2-aminothiazole)-based composite coating for enhanced corrosion protection in 3.5% NaCl solution

Conducting polymer-based coating is the prospective alternative in consideration of environmentfriendly coatings for corrosion protection of metallic substrate. Minimally-researched poly(2-aminothiazole) (PAT) with well-dispersion and good processability was synthesized successfully via radical polymerization and explored to prepare novel PAT/epoxy composite coatings on Q235 steel. The anticorrosive performance of PAT-based composite coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization technique and scanning vibrating electrode technique in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The corrosion protective mechanism of poly(2-aminothiazole) was proved by the identification of rust layer beneath the composite coating

Surface modification of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide by camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline and its applications for anticorrosive coating

Although Mg/Al layered double hydroxide has significant anion exchange capability and hydrophobicity, its layer-blocking performance is rarely investigated for anti-corrosive performance. In this work, the camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline(CPANI)-modified Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites were successfully prepared through oxidative polymerization with an aim to improve dispersion of hydrotalcite in waterborne epoxy resin. Through a series of basic characterizations, camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline was successfully coated on the surface of layered double hydroxide and its dispersibility in water was greatly improved. In addition, the CPANI modified LDH was pigmented into waterborne epoxy resin to form a composite coating, further, potentiodynamic curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to study the corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. Composite coating with CPANI/LDH exhibited excellent anticorrosion performance owing to the barrier and passive effect of LDH and CPANI. The optimized specimen CAPNI/LDH0.5% presents a superior barrier property during 45 d immersion compared with pure epoxy coating

Synergistic Effect of Polypyrrole-Intercalated Graphene for Enhanced Corrosion Protection of Aqueous Coating in 3.5% NaCI Solution

Dispersion of graphene in water and its incorporation into waterborne resin have been rarely researched and hardly achieved owing to its hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it has largely been reported that graphene with impermeability contributed to the improved anticorrosion property. Here, we show that highly concentrated graphene aqueous solution up to 5 mg/mL can be obtained by synthesizing hydrophilic polypyrrole (PPy) nanocolloids as inter-calators and ultrasonic vibration. On the basis of pi-pi interaction between PPy and graphene, stacked graphene sheets are exfoliated to the thickness of three to five layers without increasing defects. The corrosion performance of coatings without and with PPy and graphene is obtained by potential and impedance measurements, Tafel curves, and fitted pore resistance by immersing in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. It turns out that composite coating with 0.5 wt % graphene additive exhibits superior anticorrosive ability. The mechanism of intercalated graphene-based coating is interpreted as the synergistic protection of impermeable graphene sheets and self-healing PPy and proved by the identification of corrosion products and the scanning vibrating electrode technique

In situ polymerization of sulfonated polyaniline in layered double hydroxide host matrix for corrosion protection

The hybrid material of sulfonated polyaniline/Mg Al layered double hydroxides (SPANi/LDHs) was obtained through polymerization of o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and aniline in the galleries of LDHs. The structure of SPANi/LDH was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The as-prepared SPANi/LDH showed an irregular lamellar shape with an average diameter of 4-6 m and offset of XRD reflections, which revealed that SPANi successfully grew between the LDH interlayers and expanded the interlayered structure slightly. Besides, the monolayer thickness of the SPANi/LDH was about 2.67 nm, which exhibited a significant structure of a nanosheet. The as-prepared SPANi/LDHs hybrids were applied to waterborne epoxy coatings for steel substrates and exhibited significant corrosion protection capacities compared with those of neat epoxy and pure SPANi blended epoxy composites. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to describe the electrochemistry dynamics and remarkable corrosion protection performance. Furthermore, corrosion products beneath the epoxy coatings immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were also investigated, which indicated the barrier property and passivation effect of SPANi/LDH. In addition, the mechanism of corrosion inhibition was explored via the analysis of rust layers, and the barrier effect and passivation effect of the composite materials was also demonstrated