Relative Entropy in CFT

By using Araki's relative entropy, Lieb's convexity and the theory of singular integrals, we compute the mutual information associated with free fermions, and we deduce many results about entropies for chiral CFT's which are embedded into free fermions, and their extensions. Such relative entropies in CFT are here computed explicitly for the first time in a mathematical rigorous way. Our results agree with previous computations by physicists based on heuristic arguments; in addition we uncover a surprising connection with the theory of subfactors, in particular by showing that a certain duality, which is argued to be true on physical grounds, is in fact violated if the global dimension of the conformal net is greater than $1.$Comment: 31 page

DataSheet_1_Five immune-related genes as diagnostic markers for endometriosis and their correlation with immune infiltration.zip

Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic disease that can cause dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility, among other symptoms. EMS diagnosis is often delayed compared to other chronic diseases, and there are currently no accurate, easily accessible, and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism of EMS and explore potential biomarkers and diagnostic tools for its accurate diagnosis and treatment. In the present study, we comprehensively analyzed the differential expression, immune infiltration, and interactions of EMS-related genes in three Homo sapiens datasets. Our results identified 332 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EMS. Gene ontology analysis showed that these changes mainly focused on the positive regulation of endometrial cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and extracellular space, and EMS involved the integrin, complement activation, folic acid metabolism, interleukin, and lipid signaling pathways. The LASSO regression model was established using immune DEGs with an area under the curve of 0.783 for the internal dataset and 0.656 for the external dataset. Five genes with diagnostic value, ACKR1, LMNB1, MFAP4, NMU, and SEMA3C, were screened from M1 and M2 macrophages, activated mast cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, follicular T helper cells, CD8+, and CD4+ cells. A protein−protein interaction network based on the immune DEGs was constructed, and ten hub genes with the highest scores were identified. Our results may provide a framework for the development of pathological molecular networks in EMS.</p

Mean reaction latency as a function of name type and name font size (study 3).

<p>Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.</p

Summary ROC (SROC) curves for CTA and MRA.

<p>Summary ROC (SROC) curves for CTA and MRA.</p

Flowchart of study identification, inclusion, and exclusion.

<p>Flowchart of study identification, inclusion, and exclusion.</p

Mean reaction latency as a function of facial gender and position (study 1).

<p>Error bars Indicate standard error of the mean.</p

Multiple-sequence alignment of PiaA and homologs.

<p>The multiple-sequence alignment was performed with the programs Multialign <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071451#pone.0071451-Corpet1" target="_blank">[41]</a> and Espript <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071451#pone.0071451-Gouet1" target="_blank">[42]</a>. The secondary-structure elements of PiaA were displayed above the sequences. Residues forming hydrogen bonds with the three carbonyl oxygen atoms of the hydroxamic acid moieties were marked by red triangles. Residues participating in hydrophobic interactions with ferrichrome and hydrogen-bond with the backbone of the siderophore were labeled with black triangles. Glu119 and Glu262 were marked with blue asterisks. All sequences were downloaded from the NCBI database (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</a>). The sequences (NCBI accession numbers codes in parantheses) are <i>S. pneumoniae</i> PiaA (NP_345507.1), <i>Rhodococcus pyridinivorans AK37</i> iron-siderophore ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (ZP_09309942.1), <i>Microbacterium testaceum StLB037</i> iron hydroxamate ABC transporter periplasmic protein (YP_004226481.1), <i>Cellvibrio gilvus ATCC 13127</i> periplasmic binding protein (YP_004599979.1), <i>Citricoccus sp. CH26A</i> hypothetical protein CCH26_07037 (ZP_09825038.1), <i>marine actinobacterium PHSC20C1</i> substrate binding protein (ZP_01129479.1), <i>Pelagibacterium halotolerans B2</i> periplasmic iron-siderophore binding protein (YP_004898951.1), <i>Kribbella flavida DSM 17836</i> periplasmic binding protein (YP_003378920.1).</p

Few-shot Learning for Domain-specific Fine-grained Image Classification

Learning to recognize novel visual categories from a few examples is a challenging task for machines in real-world industrial applications. In contrast, humans have the ability to discriminate even similar objects with little supervision. This paper attempts to address the few-shot fine-grained image classification problem. We propose a feature fusion model to explore discriminative features by focusing on key regions. The model utilizes the focus-area location mechanism to discover the perceptually similar regions among objects. High-order integration is employed to capture the interaction information among intraparts. We also design a Center Neighbor Loss to form robust embedding space distributions. Furthermore, we build a typical fine-grained and few-shot learning dataset miniPPlankton from the real-world application in the area of marine ecological environments. Extensive experiments are carried out to validate the performance of our method.The results demonstrate that our model achieves competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art models. Our work is a valuable complement to the model domain-specific industrial applications

Structural comparison of PiaA and <i>E. coli</i> FhuD.

<p>FhuD and its ligand gallichrome both were colored in lemon green.</p

Stereoselective Synthesis of β‑Alkylated α‑Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Unactivated Methylene C(sp³)–H Bonds with Primary Alkyl Halides

We report a new set of reactions based on the Pd-catalyzed alkylation of methylene C­(sp³)–H bonds of aliphatic quinolyl carboxamides with α-haloacetate and methyl iodide and applications in the stereoselective synthesis of various β-alkylated α-amino acids. These reactions represent the first generally applicable method for the catalytic alkylation of unconstrained and unactivated methylene C–H bonds with high synthetic relevance. When applied with simple isotope-enriched reagents, they also provide a convenient and powerful means to site-selectively incorporate isotopes into the carbon scaffolds of amino acid compounds