Photographs of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb of the <i>Linhevenator tani</i> holotype (LH V0021).

<p>A, left ischium in lateral view; B, left femur in posterior view; C, left pes in medial view; D, metatarsal I in lateral view; left metatarsus in dorsal (E), medial (F), and ventral (G) views; H, pedal phalanges in medial view. Abbreviations: clf, collateral ligament fossa; lcr, ridge on lateral condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lr, lateral ridge; mr, medial ridge; me, medial expansion; mtI–IV, metatarsals I–IV; obp, obturator process; pdI–IV, pedal digits I–IV; phI-1-phIV-4, phalanges I-1 to IV-4; pt, posterior trochanter. Scale bar equals 10 mm.</p

Photographs of the teeth of the <i>Linhevenator tani</i> holotype (LH V0021).

<p>Premaxillary tooth in labial (A), lingual (B), and distal (C) views; maxillary or posterior dentary tooth in labial (D) and lingual (E) views. Abbreviations: bc, basal constriction; dcs, denticles. Scale bar equals 5 mm.</p

Scorings for <i>L. tani.</i>

<p>Scorings for <i>L. tani.</i></p

Photographs of the pectoral girdle and forelimb of the <i>Linhevenator tani</i> holotype (LH V0021).

<p>A, right scapula in lateral view; right humerus in anterior (B), posterior (C), medial (D), and lateral (E) views. Abbreviations: ap, acromial process; dc, deltopectoral crest; enc, entepicondyle; gl, glenoid fossa; f, fossa; olf, olecranon fossa; r, ridge; tf, triangular fossa. Scale bar equals 10 mm.</p

Photographs of the axial skeleton of the <i>Linhevenator tani</i> holotype (LH V0021).

<p>A, six articulated dorsal vertebrae in left lateral view; B, a middle dorsal vertebra in ventral view. Abbreviations: lg, lateral groove; ns, neural spine; prez, prezygapophysis; pzp, postzygapophysis; vc, ventral concavity. Scale bar equals 10 mm.</p

Measurements of selected elements in <i>L. tani</i>, LH V0021 (in millimeters; * indicates estimated measurement).

<p>Measurements are lengths except where noted.</p

Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic cardiac glycosides isolated from the combined flowers, leaves, and twigs of Streblus asper

A new non-cytotoxic [(+)-17β-hydroxystrebloside (1)] and two known cytotoxic [(+)-3'-de-O-methylkamaloside (2) and (+)-strebloside (3)] cardiac glycosides were isolated and identified from the combined flowers, leaves, and twigs of Streblus asper collected in Vietnam, with the absolute configuration of 1 established from analysis of its ECD and NMR spectroscopic data and confirmed by computational ECD calculations. A new 14,21-epoxycardanolide (3a) was synthesized from 3 that was treated with base. A preliminary structure-activity relationship study indicated that the C-14 hydroxy group and the C-17 lactone unit and the established conformation are important for the mediation of the cytotoxicity of 3. Molecular docking profiles showed that the cytotoxic 3 and its non-cytotoxic analogue 1 bind differentially to Na+/K+-ATPase. Compound 3 docks deeply in the Na+/K+-ATPase pocket with a sole pose, and its C-10 formyl and C-5, C-14, and C-4' hydroxy groups may form hydrogen bonds with the side-chains of Glu111, Glu117, Thr797, and Arg880 of Na+/K+-ATPase, respectively. However, 1 fits the cation binding sites with at least three different poses, which all depotentiate the binding between 1 and Na+/K+-ATPase. Thus, 3 was found to inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, but 1 did not. In addition, the cytotoxic and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitory 3 did not affect glucose uptake in human lung cancer cells, against which it showed potent activity, indicating that this cardiac glycoside mediates its cytotoxicity by targeting Na+/K+-ATPase but not by interacting with glucose transporters