The Active and Reactive Power Dispatch for Charging Station Location Impact Factors Analysis

With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in modern society, a number of challenges and opportunities are presenting themselves. For example, how to choose charging station locations to minimize the Distribution Network's (DN) power loss when a large number of EVs are connected to the DN. How impact factors, such as different load patterns, EVs’ charging locations and network topology, affect charging station location is becoming vital. In this paper a new charging station location methodology informed by impact factor analysis is proposed by using the Active and Reactive Power Dispatch of charging stations in terms of power loss minimization. Results for the 36 DN with three different scenarios are presented. In addition, a more realistic model based on EV's daily travel patterns is built to illustrate how these impact factors affect charging station location. It is demonstrated that the optimal charging station location in terms of power loss minimization can be found by using the new methodology, and it is not affected by the EVs’ charging location and load patterns, it is affect by the network topology

Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Genetic Basis of Ionomic Variation in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important dietary source of both essential micronutrients and toxic trace elements for humans. The genetic basis underlying the variations in the mineral composition, the ionome, in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a comprehensive study of the genetic architecture of the variation in the rice ionome performed using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the concentrations of 17 mineral elements in rice grain from a diverse panel of 529 accessions, each genotyped at ∼6.4 million single nucleotide polymorphism loci. We identified 72 loci associated with natural ionomic variations, 32 that are common across locations and 40 that are common within a single location. We identified candidate genes for 42 loci and provide evidence for the causal nature of three genes, the sodium transporter gene Os-HKT1;5 for sodium, Os-MOLYBDATE TRANSPORTER1;1 for molybdenum, and Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 for nitrogen. Comparison of GWAS data from rice versus Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) also identified well-known as well as new candidates with potential for further characterization. Our study provides crucial insights into the genetic basis of ionomic variations in rice and serves as an important foundation for further studies on the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling the rice ionome

The interactive effects of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities in Jiangsu Province, China

Abstract Exposure to extreme temperatures or fine particles is associated with adverse health outcomes but their interactive effects remain unclear. We aimed to explore the interactions of extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on mortalities. Based on the daily mortality data collected during 2015–2019 in Jiangsu Province, China, we conducted generalized linear models with distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the regional-level effects of cold/hot extremes and PM2.5 pollution. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was evaluated to represent the interaction. The relative risks (RRs) and cumulative relative risks (CRRs) of total and cause-specific mortalities associated with hot extremes were significantly stronger (p < 0.05) than those related to cold extremes across Jiangsu. We identified significantly higher interactions between hot extremes and PM2.5 pollution, with the RERI range of 0.00–1.15. The interactions peaked on ischaemic heart disease (RERI = 1.13 [95%CI: 0.85, 1.41]) in middle Jiangsu. For respiratory mortality, RERIs were higher in females and the less educated. The interaction pattern remained consistent when defining the extremes/pollution with different thresholds. This study provides a comprehensive picture of the interactions between extreme temperatures and PM2.5 pollution on total and cause-specific mortalities. The projected interactions call for public health actions to face the twin challenges, especially the co-appearance of hot extremes and PM pollution

Biomass template derived boron/oxygen co-doped carbon particles as advanced anodes for potassium-ion batteries

Among various anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries, carbonaceous materials have attracted significant attention due to their overwhelming advantages including cost-effectiveness and environmental benignity. However, the inferior specific capacity and the sluggish reaction kinetics hinder the further development in this realm. Herein, we report biomass templated synthesis of boron/oxygen heteroatom co-doped carbon particles (BO-CPs) via direct plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. With the combined advantages of abundant active sites, large accessible surface area, and functional groups, BO-CP anode exhibits high reversible specific capacity (426.5 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1)) and excellent rate performance (166.5 mAh g(-1) at 5 A g(-1)). The K-ion storage mechanism is probed by operando Raman spectroscopy, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements, and theoretical simulations. The synergistic effect of boron and oxygen co-doping greatly facilitates the performance of carbon-based anode, wherein boron dopant improves the conductivity of carbon framework and the oxygen dopant affords ample active sites and thus harvests additional specific capacity. This work is anticipated to propel the development of high-performance anode materials for emerging energy storage devices.Web of Scienc

Numerical Simulation of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Crystal Growth Using a Macro–Micro Coupled Method during the Directional Solidification Process

In this work, the crystal growth of multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) during the directional solidification process was studied using the cellular automaton method. The boundary heat transfer coefficient was adjusted to get a suitable temperature field and a high-quality mc-Si ingot. Under the conditions of top adiabatic and bottom constant heat flux, the shape of the crystal-melt interface changes from concave to convex with the decrease of the heat transfer coefficient on the side boundaries. In addition, the nuclei form at the bottom boundary while columnar crystals develop into silicon melt with amzigzag-faceted interface. The higher-energy silicon grains were merged into lower energy ones. In the end, the number of silicon grains decreases with the increase of crystal length