Kebutuhan Sistem Informasi Komunikasi Pasar Tepat Waktu Bagi Pemasaran Lokal, Domestik, dan Ekspor Produk Agribisnis Kabupaten Kerinci

Fenomena yang terjadi selama ini pengusaha agribisnis/petani produsen belum menggunakan jasa sistem informasi komunikasi pasar tepat waktu. Sehingga pengusaha agribisnis tidak mengetahui harga pasar yang sebenarnya sehingga menjual produk dengan harga murah, produsen akan selalu dirugikan karena menjual produk dengan harga murah, pendapatan petani produsen tetap selalu rendah dan hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode riset partisipatoris yaitu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti mengikuti dan memahami serta membahas masalah-masalah yang dihadapi masyarakat produsen/pedagang agribisnis dan juga melakukan pola pembinaannya. Untuk itu, peneliti bertemu langsung dengan masyarakat produsen/pedagang agribisnis dan menjalin persahabatan dengan sejumlah anggota masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan penelitian. Metode ini berdampingan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Descriptive analysis untuk menjawab masalah yang memerlukan keterangan, gambaran dan sejenisnya secara faktual dan aktual. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah populasi terhingga. Sampel Penelitian ada di wilayah sentra produksi agribisnis Kecamatan Kayu Aro Kabupaten Kerinci. Hasil penelitian, pengusaha agribisnis terutama petani agribisnis sebagian belum menggunakan komunikasi pasar tepat waktu dan sebagian sudah menggunakan komunikasi pasar tepat waktu. Bagi pedagang perantara sudah melakukan sistem informasi komunikasi pasar tepat waktu baik untuk pemasaran lokal, domestik dan ekspor dan dapat menggunakannya dengan baik dan benar. Pengusaha agribisnis sudah dibina untuk dapat mengetahui harga pasar dengan menggunakan media komunikasi telepon rumah dan handphone. Oleh karena itu petani produsen dan pedagang agribisnis agar membentuk jejaring informasi komunikasi pasar pada semua pedagang agen di luar provinsi dan semua pedagang agen di luar pulau dan membentuk wadah persatuan informasi harga serta bersatu dalam menentukan harga pasar dan tidak saling menjatuhkan harga

Factors influencing householder self-evacuation in two Australian bushfires

The thesis investigated householder self-evacuation decision-making during bushfires in the Perth and Adelaide Hills in 2014 and 2015. It explored the factors that influenced householders’ decisions to evacuate, identified factors that predict self-evacuation and established the characteristics of self-evacuators. The Protective Action Decision Model (PADM) provided a conceptual framework for the research. Its theoretical and analytical usefulness in an Australian context, was assessed. A mixed methods research strategy was used involving quantitative telephone surveys of 457 bushfire-affected participants and face-to-face interviews of 109 participants in 59 households. The study concluded that environmental and social cues and warnings and householders’ perceptions of the threat, of hazard adjustments and of other stakeholders, influenced self-evacuation decision-making. Protective action perceptions, particularly the effectiveness of evacuating or not evacuating in protecting personal safety or property, were most important in predicting self-evacuation. Receipt of official warnings and the perception of likely impact of the bushfire on property were also important predictors. Undertaking long-run hazard adjustments, although not predictive of self-evacuation, was pivotal in shaping perceptions of the effectiveness of evacuating and remaining in protecting personal safety and property and indirectly influenced evacuation decisions. Seven archetypes that characterised householders’ self-evacuation attitudes and behaviour were identified. These included Threat, and Responsibility Deniers, Dependent, and Considered Evacuators, Community Guided and Experienced Independents all who took different decisional ‘rules of thumb’ and routes toward evacuating or remaining . The PADM needs to be split into two separate models to incorporate the influence of long-run hazard adjustments on protective action decision-making in an Australian bushfire. The findings suggest that future research on those who wait and see during a bushfire should take account of their decisional rules of thumb and that design and targeting of Australian bushfire safety policy should better account for self-evacuator characteristics

Processing and Properties of Chitosan Inks for 3D Printing of Hydrogel Microstructures

The ability to precisely control the properties of natural polymers and fabricate three-dimensional (3D) structures is critical for biomedical applications. In this work, we report the printing of complex 3D structures made of soft polysaccharide (chitosan) inks directly in air and at room temperature. We perform a comprehensive characterization of the 3D printing process by analyzing the effect of ink properties (i.e., rheological properties and solvent evaporation) and process-related printing parameters (i.e., nozzle diameter, robot velocity, and applied pressure). The effects of the neutralization step on the hydrogel formation and their mechanical properties are also investigated. Solvent evaporation tests show that the chitosan ink prepared using an acidic mixture contains residual acids after printing, helping reducing shrink-induced shape deformation. A processing map presents the appropriate ranges of process-related parameters for different structures including filaments, 30-layer scaffolds, starfish, leaf, and spider shapes, showing the versatility of the fabrication approaches. After neutralization, 3D scaffolds still maintain their shape while neutralized filaments show high tensile properties such as a maximum tensile strength of ∼97 MPa in the dry state and high strain at break ∼360% in the wet state. Our fabrication approach provides guidelines to optimize the design and fabrication of aqueous-based inks and opens a new door for fabricating complex structures from natural polymers and achieving tunable material properties for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery

Simultaneous determination of aditoprim and its three major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp tissues, and its application in tissue distribution and depletion studies

<p>Aditoprim (ADP) is a recently developed dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that has shown promise for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, a sensitive and reliable multi-residue chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method for the quantitative analysis of ADP and its three major metabolites was developed, and the tissue distribution and depletion profiles of ADP and its major metabolites in pigs, broilers and carp were investigated. Edible and additional tissues (heart, lung, stomach, intestine and swim bladder) were collected for analysis at six different withdrawal periods after ADP administration for 7 days. ADP, N-monomethyl-ADP and N-didesmethyl-ADP were detected in almost all tissues in the three species. The liver, kidney and lung showed higher residue concentrations, and the liver showed a longer residue half-life (<i>t</i>_1/2) than other tissues. In the liver, ADP was the most abundant component with the longest persistence. The results suggest that the liver was the residual target tissue and ADP was the marker residue, and the conclusive withdrawal time (WDT) of 20 days in pigs, 16 days in broilers and 25 days in carp was estimated using the assessment methodologies approved by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).</p

Polybrominated BOPHY Dyes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Properties

A series of mono- to hexabrominated BOPHY dyes have been regioselectively synthesized in 41–96% yields from bromination of parent bis­(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis­((1<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)­methylene)­hydrazine (BOPHY), bromination of hydrazine-linked bispyrrole intermediate, or brominated 2-formylpyrrole precursors in moderate to excellent yields. The reactivities of these polybrominated BOPHY dyes were further studied via regioselective nucleophilic substitution or Suzuki/Stille cross-coupling reactions from which a series of 5- or 5,5′-substituted BOPHYs with amine, pyrrole, thiophene, and phenyl groups were obtained in moderate to high yields of 37–94%. The regioselectivities of both the bromination and nucleophilic substitution reaction, and these resultant BOPHY dyes, are confirmed by NMR, HRMS, and crystal structures. The spectroscopic properties of these resultant BOPHYs were studied, and most of them showed strong absorbance and bright fluorescence with maximum wavelengths centered at between the range of 430 and 660 nm. Their absorption and emission spectra were red-shifted for each bromine atom incorporated. The positions in which bromines or substituents are attached modulate the photophysical properties of the resulting BOPHY dyes

Additional file 9: of Full-length transcriptome sequences and the identification of putative genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower

Figure S8. Alternative splice analyses of HCT8 and HCT10. A: Common sequence that HCT8 and HCT10 shared. B: The diagram of the alternative splice of HCT8 and HCT10. (TIFF 2660 kb

Additional file 3: of Full-length transcriptome sequences and the identification of putative genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower

Figure S2. The workflow for data processing in our study. (TIF 655 kb

Red to Near-Infrared Isoindole BODIPY Fluorophores: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties

A series of high-performance fluorophores named isoindole boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) containing either symmetrical or unsymmetrical alkyl substitution patterns on pyrrole rings were synthesized by an efficient process and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. Most of these dyes show strong, sharp absorption and bright fluorescence emission in the red to near-infrared (NIR) region (up to 805 nm in acetonitrile). Pyrrolic alkyl substitutions lead to increases in the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and an overall decrease in the energy band gaps of the dye. Among the 23 isoindole BODIPY dyes synthesized, solvent-dependent fluorescence emission and lifetime decay were only observed for those containing a 3-methyl substituent on the uncoordinated pyrrole ring, whereas little variation in the fluorescence intensity was observed for the rest of the dyes upon changing the polarity of the solvent. These resultant dyes can be further functionalized via the Knoevenagel condensation on the α-methyl substituent of the chromophore to install a variety of functionalities, including a dimethylamine group demonstrated in this work. This dimethylamine-functionalized isoindole BODIPY shows weak fluorescence at 805 nm in acetonitrile and a ratiometric “turn-on” NIR fluorescence response to decreasing pH

Additional file 2: of Full-length transcriptome sequences and the identification of putative genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower

Figure S1. The transcript lengths of each size-selected library. Each size-selected library had the expected distribution of transcript lengths, ranging from 500 to 4900 bp. (TIF 362 kb

Additional file 4: of Full-length transcriptome sequences and the identification of putative genes for flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower

Figure S3. Venn diagram of protein domain prediction. Four types of analysis software (cnci, cpc, pfam and cpat) were used. The intersection of the four software was used for the further lncRNA analyses. (PNG 670 kb