Numerical calculation of transmission noise for the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover

Transmission noise of the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover was researched in this paper. Firstly, the numerical calculation mode of a cylinder head cover was compared with the experimental one. Results showed that the numerical calculation model had a relatively high accuracy, and it could be used in subsequent analysis. Secondly, sound pressure inside the cylinder head cover was extracted through the four-load method and taken as the sound source. Then, it was applied in a simulation model in order to simulate transmission noise of the actual situations. Afterwards, transmission noise of the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover was compared with the aluminum alloy one. It was shown that relatively low transmission noise was generated from the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover. Meanwhile, its mass was only 0.65 times of that of the aluminum alloy one. Therefore, the requirement for low noise and light weight was achieved by the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover. Then, dynamic stresses of cylinder head covers for two materials were compared. Results showed that dynamic stress of the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover was slightly smaller than that of the aluminum alloy one. The magnesium alloy cylinder head cover satisfied the requirement for strength and had a relatively prominent comprehensive performances. Finally, sound absorption coefficient of a porous material was calculated by using the numerical simulation technology. It was also laid inside the magnesium alloy cylinder head cover to constitute a composite cylinder head cover. Transmission noise of such composite cylinder head cover was much smaller than that of the original structure. This researches provided a method for low noise and light weight design of the cylinder head cover

BinTree Seeking: A Novel Approach to Mine Both Bi-Sparse and Cohesive Modules in Protein Interaction Networks

Modern science of networks has brought significant advances to our understanding of complex systems biology. As a representative model of systems biology, Protein Interaction Networks (PINs) are characterized by a remarkable modular structures, reflecting functional associations between their components. Many methods were proposed to capture cohesive modules so that there is a higher density of edges within modules than those across them. Recent studies reveal that cohesively interacting modules of proteins is not a universal organizing principle in PINs, which has opened up new avenues for revisiting functional modules in PINs. In this paper, functional clusters in PINs are found to be able to form unorthodox structures defined as bi-sparse module. In contrast to the traditional cohesive module, the nodes in the bi-sparse module are sparsely connected internally and densely connected with other bi-sparse or cohesive modules. We present a novel protocol called the BinTree Seeking (BTS) for mining both bi-sparse and cohesive modules in PINs based on Edge Density of Module (EDM) and matrix theory. BTS detects modules by depicting links and nodes rather than nodes alone and its derivation procedure is totally performed on adjacency matrix of networks. The number of modules in a PIN can be automatically determined in the proposed BTS approach. BTS is tested on three real PINs and the results demonstrate that functional modules in PINs are not dominantly cohesive but can be sparse. BTS software and the supporting information are available at: www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/BTS/

Heat Shock Protein 70 Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inhibition of p38 MAPK Signaling.

BackgroundHeat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been shown to exert cardioprotection. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload induced by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, whether Hsp70 interacts with p38 MAPK signaling is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the regulation of p38 MAPK by Hsp70 in I/R-induced cardiac injury.MethodsNeonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by 2 h reoxygenation (OGD/R), and rats underwent left anterior artery ligation for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), Hsp70 inhibitor (Quercetin), and Hsp70 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used prior to OGD/R or I/R. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), [Ca2+]i levels, cell apoptosis, myocardial infarct size, mRNA level of IL-1β and IL-6, and protein expression of Hsp70, phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2 (SERCA2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (p-STAT3), and cleaved caspase3 were assessed.ResultsPretreatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, significantly attenuated OGD/R-induced cell injury or I/R-induced myocardial injury, as evidenced by improved cell viability and lower LDH release, resulted in lower serum cTnI and myocardial infarct size, alleviation of [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis, inhibition of IL-1β and IL-6, and modulation of protein expressions of p-p38 MAPK, SERCA2, p-STAT3, and cleaved-caspase3. Knockdown of Hsp70 by shRNA exacerbated OGD/R-induced cell injury, which was effectively abolished by SB203580. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp70 by quercetin enhanced I/R-induced myocardial injury, while SB203580 pretreatment reversed the harmful effects caused by quercetin.ConclusionsInhibition of Hsp70 aggravates [Ca2+]i overload, inflammation, and apoptosis through regulating p38 MAPK signaling during cardiac I/R injury, which may help provide novel insight into cardioprotective strategies

Current Status of Foreign Rice Production and Processing

We reviewed the rice varieties, rice processing equipment and main processing technology development and research status of Japan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States and several major foreign rice producers. The rice processing production situation of Iran, Brazil, Nigeria and Indonesia was illustrated. After the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign rice processing technology and equipment, we proposed the necessity of continuous research and development on moderate processing and milling process, aiming to provide reference for the rice processing industry in China

Proteomic analysis of sex conversion induced by CPPU in male grapevine of Vitis amurensis

If N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) could induce sex conversion in male plants of Vitis amurensis Rupr., this would reduce blindness of selection for male parents according to the fruit characters in cold-tolerant and disease-tolerant grape crossbreeding. Flower bud samples of male plants were treated with 100 mg∙L-1 CPPU at 15 days before anthesis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to analyze the proteins related to sex conversion at different development time points. More than 600 protein spots were detected. Among them, 31 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF, and 24 protein spots could be assigned to a probable function. Seventeen proteins participated in the sex conversion and with complex interaction. Sex conversion might receive the ROS signal in the beginning, and then pollen tube proteins were proposed to down-regulate to repress the stamen development, while the up-regulated cell elongation protein might promote the development of pistil. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 3 was proposed as the key protein in the sex organ conversion that was up-regulated by CPPU in the male V. amurensis achieving the ability to fruit in the end.

Diaqua­bis­(3-nitro­benzoato-κO 1)bis­[1H-5-(3-pyrid­yl)-3-(4-pyrid­yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κN 5]cobalt(II) dihydrate

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Co(C7H4NO4)2(C12H9N5)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, the CoII atom, located on an inversion center, is coordinated by two N atoms [Co—N = 2.155 (3) Å] and four O atoms [Co—O = 2.099 (2)–2.117 (3) Å] in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework

Clinical observation of sacubitril valsartan sodium in the treatment of resistant hypertension: A randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of sacubitril valsartan sodium in the treatment of resistant hypertension (RH).MethodsThis study is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients with RH who met the criteria were screened, and all patients adjusted their drug treatment (valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg). After 4 weeks of drug elution, the random envelope method was used for random grouping. The treatment group took sacubitril valsartan sodium 200 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, and the control group took valsartan 80 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 8 weeks. The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the echocardiography index using the office sphygmomanometer were observed in the patients.ResultsA total of 100 patients with RH were included in the two groups, with 50 cases in each group. There were no significant differences in sex, age, or comorbid diseases between the two groups. During the 8-week follow-up, the office BP of the research group were significantly decreased (24.78/17.86 mmHg) compared with those of the control group. In the research group the 24 h average BP, daytime average BP, and nighttime average BP were 144.84/79.82, 147.10/82.06, and 138.67/76.31 mmHg at baseline, and reduced to 128.96/73.32, 131.50/74.94, and 122.11/69.27 mmHg at week 8, which were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05), compared with the control group.ConclusionSacubitril valsartan sodium can effectively reduce BP and improve cardiac function in RH

Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe objective is to identify the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates by a meta-analysis, and to provide a reference for the prevention of NEC.MethodsThe databases, including Chinese Biomedical Literature Datebase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Weipu Periodical database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, were searched for studies on the risk factors for NEC in neonates. The meta-analysis was carried out with the aid of Stata software.ResultsA total of 52 studies were included, with 48 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies. There were 166,580 neonates in total, with 33,522 neonates in the case group and 133,058 neonates in the control group. The meta-analysis showed that gestational diabetes (OR = 3.62, 95% CI:1.77–7.41), premature rupture of membranes (OR = 3.81, 95% CI:1.16–12.52), low birth weight (OR = 3.00, 95% CI:2.26–3.97), small for gestational age (OR = 1.85, 95% CI:1.15–2.97), septicemia (OR = 4.34, 95% CI:3.06–6.15), blood transfusion (OR = 3.08, 95% CI:2.16–4.38), congenital heart disease (OR = 2.73, 95% CI:1.10–6.78), respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.24–3.63), premature birth (OR = 5.63, 95% CI:2.91–10.92), pneumonia (OR = 4.07, 95% CI:2.84–5.82) were risk factors for NEC in neonates. Breastfeeding (OR = 0.37, 95% CI:0.23–0.59), take probiotics (OR = 0.30, 95% CI:0.22–0.40), prenatal use of glucocorticoids (OR = 0.39, 95% CI:0.30–0.50), Hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 0.28, 95% CI:0.09–0.86) were protective factors for NEC in neonates.ConclusionsGestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, small for gestational age, septicemia, blood transfusion, congenital heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, premature birth, and pneumonia may increase the risk of NEC in neonates. Breastfeeding, taking probiotics, prenatal use of glucocorticoids, and Hyperbilirubinemia may reduce the risk of NEC in neonates