Development Power and Its Power Model: The Analytic Approach for Continuous Motivity of Economic Growth

Based on the Partial Distribution [F. Dai, 2001] and the theory of Development Power [F. Dai, 2004], this paper discusses the power model of relation between development power (DP) and productivity. The power model also supports the hypothesis [F. Dai, 2005] that there are three kinds of energy states in economy, i.e. normal state, strong state and super state, and DP is the continuous motivity to economic growth. By the power model of DP, we could interpret in analytic way that the diffusion of DP and the diversifications of economic development also might be occurred after the super state. Finally, the conclusions in this paper are researched in the empirical way, the results indicate the power model is better than the exponential model of DP in many cases, and we could get the inimitable outcomes in describing the macroeconomic process by the power model of DP.Development Power (DP), Partial Distribution, power model, macroeconomic analysis

Active Defense Analysis of Blockchain Forking through the Spatial-Temporal Lens

Forking breaches the security and performance of blockchain as it is symptomatic of distributed consensus, spurring wide interest in analyzing and resolving it. The state-of-the-art works can be categorized into two kinds: experiment-based and model-based. However, the former falls short in exclusiveness since the derived observations are scenario-specific. Hence, it is problematic to abstractly reveal the crystal-clear forking laws. Besides, the models established in the latter are spatiality-free, which totally overlook the fact that forking is essentially an undesirable result under a given topology. Moreover, few of the ongoing studies have yielded to the active defense mechanisms but only recognized forking passively, which impedes forking prevention and cannot deter it at the source. In this paper, we fill the gap by carrying out the active defense analysis of blockchain forking from the spatial-temporal dimension. Our work is featured by the following two traits: 1) dual dimensions. We consider the spatiality of blockchain overlay network besides temporal characteristics, based on which, a spatial-temporal model for information propagation in blockchain is proposed; 2) active defense. We hint that shrinking the long-range link factor, which indicates the remote connection ability of a link, can cut down forking completely fundamentally. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to inspect forking from the spatial-temporal perspective, so as to present countermeasures proactively. Solid theoretical derivations and extensive simulations are conducted to justify the validity and effectiveness of our analysis.Comment: 10 pages,10 figure

Rutin prevents retinal ganglion cell death and exerts protective effects by regulating transforming growth factor-β2/Smad2/3Akt/PTEN signaling in experimental rat glaucoma

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of rutin against glaucoma in a rat model, and the mechanisms involved. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected hypertonic saline in the limbal vein for elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Rats in the treatment group were administered rutin at doses of 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg orally and daily for 21 days. Results: Rutin markedly (p < 0.05) reduced IOP and prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The expression of apoptotic pathway proteins, i.e., Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, Bad and Bax were significantly (p < 0.05) regulated by rutin. Moreover, rutin caused a substantial decrease in TGF-β2 expression, and also down-regulated p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 dose-dependently (p < 0.05). Raised levels of collagen I, fibronectin and elastin were effectively down-regulated. Rutin substantially up-regulated the Akt pathway involved in cell survival, and markedly improved the survival of RGCs subjected to hypoxia in vitro (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results reveal that rutin exerts protective effect against glaucoma in a rat model via a mechanism involving regulation of the TGF-β2/Smad2/3Akt/PTEN signaling pathways. Thus, rutin has potentials for use in the management of glaucoma

Experimental high-intensity three-photon entangled source

We experimentally realize a high-intensity three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement source directly following the proposal by Rarity and Tapster [J. G. Rarity and P. R. Tapster, Phys. Rev. A 59, R35 (1999)]. The threefold coincidence rate can be more than 200 Hz with a fidelity of 0.811, and the intensity can be further improved with moderate fidelity degradation. The GHZ entanglement is characterized by testing the Bell-Mermin inequality and using an entanglement witness operator. To optimize the polarization-entangled source, we theoretically analyze the relationship between the mean photon number of the single-photon source and the probability of parametric down-conversion.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The Impact of Consumer Materialism in China on Online Compulsive Buying Behavior

With the development of online shopping environment, the “dark side” of online shopping begins to appear. Onlinecompulsive buying behavior has always been a very important research topicin the marketing field. However, the discussion on online compulsive buying behavior by Chinese scholars is limited.Online compulsive buying behavior can be a problem for consumers, families and even harm to society. Therefore,from the perspective of materialism, this article explores the effect of materialism onthe online compulsive buying behavior, primarily through four aspects: the individual negative emotions, individual economic insecurity, family and peer influence on the individual and the individual’s life satisfaction and well-being. This paper aims to study the effects of psychological mechanism of materialismon online compulsive buying behavior, in order to find the drivers of online compulsive buying behavior. The results will be used to avoid the online compulsive buying behavior marketing activities

Graphene Hybrid Metasurfaces for Mid-Infrared Molecular Sensors

This research was funded by the ERDF PostDoctoral Research Project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/740 (Towards a Universal Lab-on-Chip Sensor from a Single Graphene Sheet: from Photodetection to Biosensing), EU CAMART2 project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508) and Sweden’s innovation agency Vinnova (Large area CVD graphene-based sensors/IR-photodetectors 2020-00797). The APC was funded by the ERDF Project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/740.We integrated graphene with asymmetric metal metasurfaces and optimised the geometry dependent photoresponse towards optoelectronic molecular sensor devices. Through careful tuning and characterisation, combining finite-difference time-domain simulations, electron-beam lithography-based nanofabrication, and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we achieved precise control over the mid-infrared peak response wavelengths, transmittance, and reflectance. Our methods enabled simple, reproducible and targeted mid-infrared molecular sensing over a wide range of geometrical parameters. With ultimate minimization potential down to atomic thicknesses and a diverse range of complimentary nanomaterial combinations, we anticipate a high impact potential of these technologies for environmental monitoring, threat detection, and point of care diagnostics. © 2023 by the authors. --//-- Yager T., Chikvaidze G., Wang Q., Fu Y.; Graphene Hybrid Metasurfaces for Mid-Infrared Molecular Sensors; (2023) Nanomaterials, 13 (14), art. no. 2113; DOI: 10.3390/nano13142113. Published under the CC BY 4.0 licence.Sweden’s innovation agency Vinnova 2020-00797; ERDF PostDoctoral Research Project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/4/20/740; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2