Nationality Classification Using Name Embeddings

Nationality identification unlocks important demographic information, with many applications in biomedical and sociological research. Existing name-based nationality classifiers use name substrings as features and are trained on small, unrepresentative sets of labeled names, typically extracted from Wikipedia. As a result, these methods achieve limited performance and cannot support fine-grained classification. We exploit the phenomena of homophily in communication patterns to learn name embeddings, a new representation that encodes gender, ethnicity, and nationality which is readily applicable to building classifiers and other systems. Through our analysis of 57M contact lists from a major Internet company, we are able to design a fine-grained nationality classifier covering 39 groups representing over 90% of the world population. In an evaluation against other published systems over 13 common classes, our F1 score (0.795) is substantial better than our closest competitor Ethnea (0.580). To the best of our knowledge, this is the most accurate, fine-grained nationality classifier available. As a social media application, we apply our classifiers to the followers of major Twitter celebrities over six different domains. We demonstrate stark differences in the ethnicities of the followers of Trump and Obama, and in the sports and entertainments favored by different groups. Finally, we identify an anomalous political figure whose presumably inflated following appears largely incapable of reading the language he posts in.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 table, accepted by CIKM 2017, Demo and free API: www.name-prism.co

A low-mass line-rich core found in Massive Star-forming Region IRAS 16351-4722

We present ALMA sub-arcsecond-resolution observations of both continuum and molecular lines at 345 GHz towards the massive star-forming region IRAS 16351-4722 (hereafter I16351). A total of 12 dust cores were detected based on high spatial resolution observations of the continuum. Among them, a high-mass core (11.6 Msun) and a low-mass core (1.7 Msun) show abundant molecular line emissions. 164 molecular transitions from 29 species and 104 molecular transitions from 25 species are identified in the high-mass and low-mass cores, respectively. Complex organic molecules (COMs) such as CH3OH, CH3OCHO, CH3OCH3, C2H5OH, and C2H5CN are detected in the two cores. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), rotational temperatures and column densities of the COMs are derived with the XCLASS software. The maximum rotation temperature values in the low-mass core and the high-mass core were found to be approximately 130 K and 198 K, respectively. Additionally, the line widths in the high-mass core are larger than those in the low-mass one. Abundant complex organic molecular line transitions, high gas temperatures, and smaller line widths indicate the presence of a low-mass line-rich core in the massive star formation region for the first time, while the high-mass line-rich core shows hot core property. When comparing the molecular abundances of CH3OH, CH3OCHO, CH3OCH3 and C2H5OH of the two cores with other hot cores and hot corinos reported in the literature, we further confirm that both a hot core and a low-mass line-rich core are simultaneously detected in I16351.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, 70 references, accepted by Ap

ALMA High-resolution Spectral Survey of Thioformaldehyde (H2CS) Towards Massive Protoclusters

Investigating the temperature and density structures of gas in massive protoclusters is crucial for understanding the chemical properties therein. In this study, we present observations of the continuum and thioformaldehyde (H2CS) lines at 345 GHz of 11 massive protoclusters using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope. High spatial resolution and sensitivity observations have detected 145 continuum cores from the 11 sources. H2CS line transitions are observed in 72 out of 145 cores, including line-rich cores, warm cores and cold cores. The H2 column densities of the 72 cores are estimated from the continuum emission which are larger than the density threshold value for star formation, suggesting that H2CS can be widely distributed in star-forming cores with different physical environments. Rotation temperature and column density of H2CS are derived by use of the XCLASS software. The results show the H2CS abundances increase as temperature rises and higher gas temperatures are usually associated with higher H2CS column densities. The abundances of H2CS are positively correlated with its column density, suggesting that the H2CS abundances are enhanced from cold cores, warm cores to line-rich cores in star forming regions.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, accepted by Ap

The Protection on Female Must Be Based on the Value Orientation of Justice——on Influence of the Interpretation of the Marriage Law Judicial Interpretation (3)to Gender

秦美珠，华东理工大学人文科学研究院副教授，主要研究方向为西方马克思主义与女性主义理论。陈佳妍，华东理工大学人文科学研究院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为马克思主义哲学与女性主义理论。【中文摘要】《婚姻法司法解释三》的颁布引起强烈的社会反响，突显了法律与性别、契约与情感的关系问题。争论围绕房产归属的规定展开的，争论的关键问题是财产分割中是否要给女性以特殊保护。一味强调同一平等与差异平等都有局限性。本文对《婚姻法司法解释三》的财产个人化的本质及其对女性可能产生的影响进行解读分析。财产个人化体现了法律的契约精神、是社会发展的必然趋势，财产个人化将对女性产生双重影响，从短期看不利于女性，但从长期看将对女性产生积极的作用。基于长期形成的女性的弱势地位，必须给女性以特殊保护，但必须基于客观公正的价值取向。 【Abstract】The publication of the Marriage Law Judicial Interpretation (3) causes a heat discussion in the society,which manifests the relationship between law and gender, contract and affection. The controversy is about a rule of house property ownership. A key problem of the controversy is whether to give the female special protection or not in the division of property. It has limitation in emphasizing merely same equality or different equality. In this thesis, it will interpret the essence of the property personalization in the Marriage Law Judicial Interpretation (3) and then to analyze some effects to the female in the marriage. Property personalization is an inevitable development in the society and it shows a kind of contractual spirit in the law. Property personalization has dual influence to the female. In the short term, it has more disadvantaged to the female while it will have more positive functions in the long run. Providing the female with special protection is necessary on the basis of their weak positions for a long time,nevertheless,an objective and impartial value orientation mutt be guaranteed.2014年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“女性主义视域中的正义——以南希•弗雷泽的性别正义观为例的研究”(14YJAZH062)

Research on the Moisture Stability of Asphalt Mixtures with Three Solid Waste Fillers

Widespread interest has been drawn to the use of solid waste fillers as a partial replacement for natural fillers in high-performance asphalt mixtures in recent years. However, variations in the material properties of solid waste fillers remain a problem for the recycling method. To address this issue, the limestone powder in asphalt mixtures was replaced with three solid waste fillers, including steel slag powder, tailings powder and calcium carbide slag powder in this study. The chemical composition of the fillers was first characterized to assess the homogeneity of the material. Then, a dense-graded asphalt mixture (AC) and a stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixture were designed, produced and characterized for wet stability. The results show that the asphalt mixtures with solid waste fillers were superior to limestone powder (LP) asphalt mixtures in terms of resistance to water damage, and the steel slag powder showed the best improvement in moisture stability of the asphalt mixtures. The optimum substitution of solid waste filler for limestone filler was 25%. With the addition of anti-stripping agents, the moisture stability of the asphalt mixture with limestone filler was also greatly enhanced. On the contrary, a marginal enhancement was observed in the moisture stability of asphalt mixtures using solid waste fillers. Solid waste fillers can be used in asphalt mixtures and have a similar function as that of anti-stripping agents. In summary, the use of solid waste fillers to replace mineral fillers in asphalt mixtures is a reliable, value-added recycling option

The chrysanthemum DEAD-box RNA helicase CmRH56 regulates rhizome outgrowth in response to drought stress.

Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to reprogram growth in response to drought stress. In herbaceous perennial plant species, the rhizome, which is normally an organ for propagation and food storage, can also support plant growth in stressful environments, and allows the plant to perennate and survive stress damage. However, the mechanisms that regulate rhizome growth in perennial herbs during abiotic stresses are unknown. Here, we identified a chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) DEAD-box RNA helicase gene, CmRH56, that is specifically expressed in the rhizome shoot apex. Knock down of CmRH56 transcript levels decreased the number of rhizomes and enhanced drought stress tolerance. We determined that CmRH56 represses the expression of a putative gibberellin (GA) catabolic gene, GA2 oxidase6 (CmGA2ox6). Exogenous GA treatment and silencing of CmGA2ox6 resulted in more rhizomes. These results demonstrate that CmRH56 suppresses rhizome outgrowth under drought stress conditions by blocking GA biosynthesis

A Low-mass line-rich Core Found in Massive Star-forming Region IRAS 16351-4722

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array subarcsecond-resolution observations of both continuum and molecular lines at 345 GHz toward the massive star-forming region IRAS 16351-4722 (hereafter I16351). A total of 12 dust cores were detected based on high-spatial-resolution observations of the continuum. Among them, a high-mass core (11.6 M _⊙ ) and a low-mass core (1.7 M _⊙ ) show abundant molecular line emissions. 164 molecular transitions from 29 species and 104 molecular transitions from 25 species are identified in the high-mass and low-mass cores, respectively. Complex organic molecules (COMs) such as CH _3 OH, CH _3 OCHO, CH _3 OCH _3 , C _2 H _5 OH, and C _2 H _5 CN are detected in the two cores. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the rotational temperatures and column densities of the COMs are derived with the XCLASS software. The maximum rotation temperature values in the low-mass core and the high-mass core were found to be approximately 130 K and 198 K, respectively. Additionally, the line widths in the high-mass core are larger than those in the low-mass one. The abundant COM line transitions, high gas temperatures, and smaller line widths indicate the presence of a low-mass line-rich core in the massive star formation region for the first time, while the high-mass line-rich core shows hot core properties. When comparing the molecular abundances of CH _3 OH, CH _3 OCHO, CH _3 OCH _3 , and C _2 H _5 OH of the two cores with other hot cores and hot corinos reported in the literature, we further confirm that both a hot core and a low-mass line-rich core are simultaneously detected in I16351

ALMA High-resolution Spectral Survey of Thioformaldehyde (H2CS) toward Massive Protoclusters

Investigating the temperature and density structures of gas in massive protoclusters is crucial for understanding the chemical properties therein. In this study, we present observations of the continuum and thioformaldehyde (H _2 CS) lines at 345 GHz of 11 massive protoclusters using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope. High spatial resolution and sensitivity observations have detected 145 continuum cores from the 11 sources. H _2 CS line transitions are observed in 72 out of 145 cores, including line-rich cores, warm cores, and cold cores. The H _2 column densities of the 72 cores are estimated from the continuum emission, which are larger than the density threshold value for star formation, suggesting that H _2 CS can be widely distributed in star-forming cores with different physical environments. The rotation temperature and column density of H _2 CS are derived using the XCLASS software. The results show that the H _2 CS abundances increase as temperature rises and higher gas temperatures are usually associated with higher H _2 CS column densities. The abundances of H _2 CS are positively correlated with its column density, suggesting that the H _2 CS abundances are enhanced from cold cores, warm cores, and line-rich cores in star-forming regions