Interconnecting bilayer networks

A typical complex system should be described by a supernetwork or a network of networks, in which the networks are coupled to some other networks. As the first step to understanding the complex systems on such more systematic level, scientists studied interdependent multilayer networks. In this letter, we introduce a new kind of interdependent multilayer networks, i.e., interconnecting networks, for which the component networks are coupled each other by sharing some common nodes. Based on the empirical investigations, we revealed a common feature of such interconnecting networks, namely, the networks with smaller averaged topological differences of the interconnecting nodes tend to share more nodes. A very simple node sharing mechanism is proposed to analytically explain the observed feature of the interconnecting networks.Comment: 9 page

Applications of signal transduction and xerophytophysiology by exposing hypocotyls in organic peanut production

The AnM practices in peanut production included three steps. The three letters, A, n and M, showed the shapes of the section-cross of the ridge at the three steps of different growth stages of the peanut crop. First, the peanut seeds were sown a little deeper than usual, about 8 cm, in the ridge to induce the extra-elongation of the hypocotyl. When the seeds were sown, the cross-section of the ridge looked like the letter “A”. The second, the hypocotyls elongated more than usual were exposed to light and dry air by removing the soil away around the young seedlings just after the emergence. At this time, the cross-section of the ridge looked like the letter “n”. The third, at the middle growth stages, soils on the both sides of ridge were earthed up to welcome the late pegs. At this time, the cross-section of the ridge looked like the letter “M”. Physiologically, the AnM technique induced osmotic adjustment, which improved photosynthetic activities by maintaining a higher leaf turgor potential. Anthocyanin accumulation was observed visually in hypocotyls of the young seedlings soon after the hypocotyl exposure started. The anthocyanin accumulation is accompanied by accumulations of soluble sugars, soluble proteins. All the consequences of the xerophytophysiological responses collaborated together to make the crop healthier through their individual function in plant growth and development. Gdi-15 (Groundnut desiccation induced) gene is a stress-responsive gene in peanut plant and its up-regulation expression was found in hypocotyl. In overall, hypocotyl exposure as a stimulation did induce the up-expression of the drought responsive gene, Gdi-15, and the consequent osmotic adjustment and anthocyanin accumulation but caused no damage to the whole plant. The AnM practice was more effective in the soil with compost applied to the surface layer and therefore it is feasible in organic peanut production

Molecular cloning of full-length coding sequences and characterization of α chains for donkey (Equus asinus) type I collagen

Donkey (Equus asinus) is a good donor for the collagen production. However, the information on mRNA and protein of donkey collagen has never been reported. In this work, the cDNA sequences coding proα1 and proα2 chains of donkey type I procollagen were determined from six and seven overlapping RT-PCR products, respectively. Further characterization of deduced amino acid sequences detailed the propeptides, telopeptides and triple-helical regions in donkey type I procollagen and collagen chains. Two proα chains of donkey type I procollagen share high similarities with corresponding sequences in mammalian species observed in this study. Considering the significance of lysine and proline in the structure and function of collagen, the distribution patterns of these two characteristic residues in α chains of donkey type I collagen were observed. The mRNA expression levels of type I collagen in donkey tissues were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.Keywords: Collagen, Col1a1, Col1a2, donkey, complementary DNAAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(27), pp. 4290-430

3-(3-Bromo­phen­yl)-N-phenyl­oxirane-2-carboxamide

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H12BrNO2. In both mol­ecules, the two benzene rings adopt a cis configuration with respect to the ep­oxy ring. In one mol­ecule, the ep­oxy ring makes dihedral angles of 60.5 (2) and 77.92 (19)° with the two benzene rings; in the other mol­ecule, the values are 61.0 (2) and 81.43 (19)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure

GoGNN: Graph of Graphs Neural Network for Predicting Structured Entity Interactions

Entity interaction prediction is essential in many important applications such as chemistry, biology, material science, and medical science. The problem becomes quite challenging when each entity is represented by a complex structure, namely structured entity, because two types of graphs are involved: local graphs for structured entities and a global graph to capture the interactions between structured entities. We observe that existing works on structured entity interaction prediction cannot properly exploit the unique graph of graphs model. In this paper, we propose a Graph of Graphs Neural Network, namely GoGNN, which extracts the features in both structured entity graphs and the entity interaction graph in a hierarchical way. We also propose the dual-attention mechanism that enables the model to preserve the neighbor importance in both levels of graphs. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets show that GoGNN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two representative structured entity interaction prediction tasks: chemical-chemical interaction prediction and drug-drug interaction prediction. Our code is available at Github.Comment: Accepted by IJCAI 202

Topological superconductor candidates PdBi2_2Te4_4 and PdBi2_2Te5_5 from a generic ab initio strategy

Superconducting topological metals (SCTMs) have recently emerged as a promising platform of topological superconductivity (TSC) and Majorana zero modes(MZMs) for quantum computation. Despite their importance in both fundamental research and applications, SCTMs are very rare in nature. In addition, some superconductors with topological electronic structures have been reported recently, but a feasible program to determine their TSC properties is still lacking. Here, we propose a new strategy to design SCTMs by intercalating the superconducting units into the topological insulators. A program that characterizes the superconducting BdG Chern number of 2D BdG Hamiltonian from ab initio calculations is also developed. Following this strategy, PdBi$_2$Te$_5$ and PdBi$_2$Te$_4$ are found to be experimentally synthesizable and ideal SCTMs. Chiral TSC could be realized in such SCTMs by incorporating topological surface states with Zeeman effect, which can be realized by an external magnetic field or in proximity to ferromagnetic (FM) insulator. Our strategy provides a new method for identifying the SCTMs and TSC candidates, and the program makes it possible to design and modulate the TSC candidates from ab initio calculations

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM TAI CHI EXERCISE ON BALANCE CONTROL IN OLDER ADULTS

This study assessed the static and dynamic balance control of older adults who have 10 years of Tai Chi exercise experience and compared their characteristics with their sedentary counterparts. The abilities were measured using methods: single-leg stance times with eyes open and closed; sway of center of pressure (COP) during static standing with eyes open/closed, and leaning the body in three specific directions. Compared with control group, 1) Tai Chi Group showed longer single-leg stance times with eyes open and closed, 2) slower sway velocity of COP in mediolateral and anterioposterior directions and shorter sway distance in both directions, and 3) shorter total, anterioposterior, and mediolateral routes and shorter time spent during the dynamic balance test. Long-term Tai Chi exercise improves the balance ability, especially the dynamic balance, of older adults

Using <i>Mid</i>dRAD-seq data to develop polymorphic microsatellite markers for an endangered yew species

Microsatellites are highly polymorphic markers which have been used in a wide range of genetic studies. In recent years, various sources of next-generation sequencing data have been used to develop new microsatellite loci, but compared with the more common shotgun genomic sequencing or transcriptome data, the potential utility of RAD-seq data for microsatellite ascertainment is comparatively under-used. In this study, we employed MiddRAD-seq data to develop polymorphic microsatellite loci for the endangered yew species Taxus florinii. Of 8,823,053 clean reads generated for ten individuals of a population, 94,851 (?1%) contained microsatellite motifs. These corresponded to 2,993 unique loci, of which 526 (?18%) exhibited polymorphism. Of which, 237 were suitable for designing microsatellite primer pairs, and 128 loci were randomly selected for PCR validation and microsatellite screening. Out of the 128 primer pairs, 16 loci gave clear, reproducible patterns, and were then screened and characterized in 24 individuals from two populations. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to ten (mean = 4.875), and within-population expected heterozygosity from zero to 0.789 (mean = 0.530), indicating that these microsatellite loci will be useful for population genetics and speciation studies of T. florinii. This study represents one of few examples to mine polymorphic microsatellite loci from ddRAD dataauthorsversionPeer reviewe