AAC Double Compression Audio Detection Algorithm Based on the Difference of Scale Factor

Audio dual compression detection is an important part of audio forensics. It is of great significance to judge whether the audio has been falsified and forged. This study found that the advanced audio coding (AAC) audio scale factor gradually decreases with the number of compressions increases. Based on this, we propose an AAC double compression audio detection algorithm based on the statistical characteristics of the scale factor difference before and after audio re-compression. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately classify dual compressed AAC audio. The average accuracy of AAC audio classification between low-bit-rate transcoding to high-bit-rate is 99.91%, and the accuracy rate between the same bit rate is 97.98%. In addition, experiments with different durations, different noises, and different encoders also proved the better performance of this algorithm

Additional file 1: of Cerebral ischemia-induced angiogenesis is dependent on tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-mediated upregulation of α5β1 and αVβ3 integrins

TTC staining differentiates the infarct (white) from viable tissue (red). The brain sections taken from mice after 4 days reperfusion following 90 min MCAO and having received daily i.c.v. injections of antibodies against TNFR1 or TNFR2 or control IgG were stained with 2 % TTC. Note that the mice receiving TNFR1 antibody (at doses of 50 and 100ng/day) showed larger infarct size than mice receiving TNFR2 antibody or control antibody. (JPG 455 kb

Fuzzy-Model-Based Control for Markov Switching Singularly Perturbed Systems with the Stochastic Communication Protocol

This work is concerned with the H∞ control for Markov switching singularly perturbed systems with the stochastic communication protocol. To coordinate the data transmission and save the bandwidth usage, the stochastic communication protocol with a compensator is applied to schedule the information exchange. The goal of this work is to design a joint-Markov-process-based controller such that the resulting system is stochastically stable with prescribed performance. Based on the Lyapunov functional technique, a sufficient condition is derived to ensure the existence of the achieved controller. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of the developed results are verified by the simulation example

Double-layer microsphere incorporated with strontium doped calcium polyphosphate scaffold for bone regeneration

To design and prepare a novel controlled release system for sustained release of two drugs. In this study, a double-layer microsphere was incorporated with strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) scaffold to facilitate bone regeneration and achieve skull repair. The double-layer microsphere combining tetracycline loaded sodium alginate and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) loaded chitosan was manufactured by electrospinning, which were further adhered to SCPP scaffold. The characteristics of microstructure were observed through scanning electron microscope. Loading efficiencies and the optimal ratio of microsphere of the obtained controlled release system were investigated. In addition, the cytotoxicity and the effects on osteoblast proliferation and expressions of osteogenesis-related factors were examined in vitro. Thereafter, the compound material with the controlled release system was implanted in the skull defect of rabbit to evaluate its properties of promoting bone regeneration. The results indicated that this novel controlled release system with SCPP scaffold and the double-layer microspheres loaded with tetracycline and MMP-2 could be a promising material for bones repair

Quest for Quality of Life: A Perspective from Public Theology

Item does not contain fulltex

CD161+ CD4+ T Cells Harbor Clonally Expanded Replication-Competent HIV-1 in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Individuals

The latent reservoir continues to be the major obstacle to curing HIV-1 infection. The clonal expansion of latently infected cells adds another layer maintaining the long-term stability of the reservoir, but its mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that CD161+ CD4+ T cells serve as an important compartment of the HIV-1 latent reservoir and contain a significant amount of clonally expanded proviruses. In our study, we describe a feasible strategy that may reduce the size of the latent reservoir to a certain extent by counterbalancing the repopulation and dissemination of latently infected cells.The presence of an extremely stable latent reservoir of HIV-1 is the major obstacle to eradication, despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent studies have shown that clonal expansion of latently infected cells without viral reactivation is an important phenomenon that maintains the long-term stability of the reservoir, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that a subset of CD4+ T cells, characterized by CD161 expression on the surface, is highly permissive for HIV-1 infection. These cells possess a significantly higher survival and proliferative capacity than their CD161-negative counterparts. More importantly, we found that these cells harbor HIV-1 DNA and replication-competent latent viruses at a significantly higher frequency. By using massive single-genome proviral sequencing from ART-suppressed individuals, we confirm that CD161+ CD4+ T cells contain remarkably more identical proviral sequences, indicating clonal expansion of the viral genome in these cells. Taking the results together, our study identifies infected CD161+ CD4+ T cells to be a critical force driving the clonal expansion of the HIV-1 latent reservoir, providing a novel mechanism for the long-term stability of HIV-1 latency

Green manure incorporation enhanced soil labile phosphorus and fruit tree growth

IntroductionThe incorporation of green manures substantially enhances the conversion of external phosphorus (P) fertilizers and soil-reserved P into forms readily available to plants. The study aims to evaluate the influence of green manure additions on soil phosphorus dynamics and citrus growth, considering different green manure species and initial soil phosphorus levels. Additionally, the research seeks to elucidate the microbiological mechanisms underlying the observed effects.MethodsA citrus pot experiment was conducted under both P-surplus (1.50 g·P·kg-1) and P-deficient (0.17 g·P·kg-1) soils with incorporating legume (Leg), non-legume (Non-Leg) or no green manure residues (CK), and 18O-P labeled KH2PO4 (0.5 g, containing 80‰ δ18Op) was additionally introduced to trace the turnover characteristics of chemical P fertilizer mediated by soil microorganisms.Results and discussionIn P-surplus soil, compared with the CK treatment, the Leg treatment significantly increased soil H2O-Pi (13.6%), NaHCO3-Po (8.9%), NaOH-Pi (9.5%) and NaOH-Po (30.0%) content. It also promoted rapid turnover of P sources into H2O-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi pools by enhancing the phoC (576.6%) gene abundance. In contrast, the Non-Leg treatment significantly augmented soil H2O-Pi (9.2%) and NaHCO3-Po (8.5%) content, facilitating the turnover of P sources into NaHCO3-Pi pools. Under P-deficient soil conditions, compared with the CK treatment, the Leg treatment notably raised soil H2O-Pi (150.0%), NaHCO3-Pi (66.3%), NaHCO3-Po (34.8%) and NaOH-Pi (59.0%) content, contributing to the transfer of P sources into NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi pools. This effect was achieved through elevated ALP (33.8%) and ACP (12.9%) activities and increased pqqC (48.1%), phoC (42.9%), phoD (21.7%), and bpp (27.4%) gene abundances. The Non-Leg treatment, on the other hand, led to significant increases in soil NaHCO3-Pi (299.0%) and NaHCO3-Po (132.6%) content, thereby facilitating the turnover of P sources into NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi pools, except for the phoC gene abundance. Both Leg and Non-Leg treatments significantly improved citrus growth (7.3-20.0%) and P uptake (15.4-42.1%) in P-deficient soil but yielded no substantial effects in P-surplus soil. In summary, introducing green manure crops, particularly legume green manure, emerges as a valuable approach to enhance soil P availability and foster fruit tree growth in orchard production