Poly[hemi(ethyl­enediammonium) [di-μ-oxalato-indium(III)] dihydrate]

In title compound, {(C2H10N2)0.5[In(C2O4)2]·2H2O}n, the unique InIII ion is coordinated by eight O atoms from four oxalate ligands in a distorted square-anti­prismatic environment. The doubly bis-chelating oxalate ligands act as bridging ligands connecting symmetry-related InIII ions and forming a three-dimensional open framework structure. Ethyl­enediammonium cations and water mol­ecules occupy the voids within the structure. The unique ethyl­enediammonium cation and one water mol­ecule both lie on a twofold rotation axis. One of the other two water mol­ecules residing on general crystallographic sites was refined as disordered with half occupancy. In the crystal structure, cations and water mol­ecules are linked to the anionic framework via inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Birth weight, growth and feeding pattern in early infancy predict overweight/obesity status at two years of age: a birth cohort study of Chinese infants.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the early determinants of overweight and obesity status at age two years. METHODS: A total of 1098 healthy neonates (563 boys and 535 girls) were involved in this community-based prospective study in China. Data on body weight and length were collected at birth, the 3(rd) and 24(th) month. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on social demography and feeding patterns of children, etc. Three multivariable logistic regression models were employed to make various comparisons of weight status, i.e., model 1 (obesity vs. non-obesity), model 2 (combined overweight and obesity vs. normal weight, and model 3 (obesity, overweight and normal weight). RESULTS: Prevalences of overweight/obesity (95(th) >BMI ≥85(th) p and BMI ≥95(th) p, referring to WHO BMI standards) at 2 years of age are 15.8%/11.2% for boys and 12.9%/9.0% for girls, respectively. Being born with macrosomia (OR: 1.80-1.88), relatively greater BMI increment in the first 3 months (OR: 1.15-1.16) and bottle emptying by encouragement at age two (OR: 1.30-1.57) were found in all three models to be significant risk factors for higher BMI status at 2 years. Pre-pregnancy maternal BMI (OR: 1.09-1.12), paternal BMI (OR: 1.06), and mixed breastfeeding (OR: 1.54-1.57) or formula feeding (OR: 1.90-1.93) in the first month were identified as significant in models 2 and 3. Child-initiated bottle emptying at age two was observed to increase the risk of obesity by 1.31 times but only in model 1. CONCLUSION: Fetal and early postnatal growth and feeding pattern appear to have significant impacts on early childhood overweight and obesity status independent of parental BMI. Policy-based and multidisciplinary approaches to promote breastfeeding and enhancement of feeding skills of care takers may be promising intervention strategies

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overweight and obesity at 2 years old.

<p>Notes: Adjusted for child gender, delivery type, gestational age, number of siblings, maternal age, parental occupation and education level, household income, family structure and if fed by bottle.</p>*<p>Bottle-emptying behavior describes that children finished all the milk or formula made available to them (spontaneously or by encouragement) offered in a bottle, regardless of the volume.</p

Children’s BMI at age of two, BMI increments in the first three months in relation to their weight status at two years, and overweight and obesity prevalences at two years of age.

<p>Note:.</p>Δ<p>BMI = BMI at 3^rd month – BMI at birth.</p>*<p>t test with significant gender difference.</p>#<p>Chi-square test with <i>χ² = </i>3.91<i> p</i> = 0.14.</p

Variables describing the infants and their families in relation to children weight status at age two (N = 1098).

<p>Notes: NW- normal weight (BMI85), OW-overweight (P₈₅≤BMI95), OB- obese (BMI≥P₉₅),.</p

Involvement of c-Fos in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma cells accompanied by altered expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9

<div><p>Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor, and proto-oncogene c-Fos is involved in this lethal disease. However, the role and molecular mechanism of c-Fos in the development and progression of OS remain enigmatic. As one of the Wnt family members, Wnt2 is closely associated with the development of several malignant tumors. In the present study, the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and its receptor Fzd9 in human OS tissues, MG63 OS cell line, and human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line was detected by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining, or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The role of c-Fos in the OS was clarified by treating MG63 cells with small interfering RNA to knockdown c-Fos. Then, cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell assays and wound healing assay; cell proliferation was assayed by MTS method and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine DNA proliferation in vitro detection; cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometric method. Co-immunoprecipitation kit was used to confirm the relationship between c-Fos and Wnt2/Fzd9. We found that the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and Fzd9 protein was distinctly higher in human OS tissues than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and their expression in the MG63 OS cell line was markedly increased compared with that in the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. Knockdown of c-Fos inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MG63 cells, and promoted the apoptosis of MG63 cells. Moreover, knockdown of c-Fos inhibited the expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9 mRNA and protein. Our data enforced the evidence that knockdown of c-Fos inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of OS cells accompanied by altered expression of Wnt2 and Fzd9. These findings offer new clues for OS development and progression, and c-Fos may be a potential therapeutic target for OS.</p></div

Knockdown of c-Fos inhibited cell migration and invasion of MG63 cells in vitro.

<p>A. Expression of c-Fos in MG63 cells was examined by RT-PCR at 24 and 48 h after transfection with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) or the negative control (Con). β-actin served as an internal control. B. Expression of c-Fos was examined by Western blot at 24 and 48 h after transfection with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) or the negative control (Con). GAPDH served as an internal control. C. Data represented means ± SD for four independent experiments of RT-PCR analysis of c-Fos. D. Data represented means ± SD for four independent experiments of Western blot analysis of c-Fos. E. Wound healing assay for determining the migration of MG63 cells transfected with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) or negative control (Con), bar = 100 μm; Data of the distance of cell migration were from three independent experiments. F. Images showing that the migrated cells treated with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) were significantly decreased compared with the control groups, bar = 200 μm. Data of the average number of cells was from three independent experiments. G. Images showing that the invasive cells treated with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) were significantly decreased compared with the control groups, bar = 200 μm. Data of the average number of cells were from three independent experiments. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ***<i>p</i> < 0.001 versus negative control (Con).</p

Knockdown of c-Fos inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of MG63 cells.

<p>A. Images of EdU DNA proliferation in vitro detection showing the cells in S phase treated with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) or the negative control (Con). bar = 50 μm. B. The rate of cells in S phase. Data represented means ± SD for three independent experiments of EdU DNA proliferation in vitro detection. C. MTS assay demonstrated that silencing of c-Fos inhibited the cell proliferation capability of MG63 cells on the indicated time points after transfection with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos). D. Flow cytometer analysis showing that the apoptosis index of cells treated with c-Fos siRNA (si-c-Fos) was significantly increased compared with the control group. E. The early apoptosis index of cells. Data were from three independent experiments of flow cytometer analysis. F. The late apoptosis index of cells. Data were from three independent experiments of flow cytometer analysis. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ***<i>p</i> < 0.001 versus negative control (Con).</p

Associations of the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and Fzd9 with tumor clinical stages.

<p>Associations of the expression of c-Fos, Wnt2, and Fzd9 with tumor clinical stages.</p