Large-Scale Wind Turbine’s Load Characteristics Excited by the Wind and Grid in Complex Terrain: A Review

With the development of wind resources under flat terrain, wind farms in extreme wind conditions are developed, and the size of the WT’s rigid-flexible coupling components increases. Therefore, accurately understanding the load characteristics and transmission mechanism of each component plays an important scientific role in improving the reliability of WT (WT) design and operation. Through the collation and analysis of the literature, this review summarizes the research results of large-scale WT load under source–grid coupling. According to the classification of sources, the variation characteristics of different loads are analyzed, and different research methods for different loads are summarized. In addition, the relative merits of the existing improvement schemes are analyzed, and the existing problems are pointed out. Finally, a new research idea of ‘comprehensively considering the coupling effects of source and network factors, revealing WT load characteristics and transmission mechanism’ is summarized. This paper provides important implications for the safety design and reliable operation research of large WTs with complex terrain

Lianhua Qingke ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced lung injury by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation and pyroptosis

Abstract LHQK is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which is clinically used for acute tracheobronchitis, cough, and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have proved that LHQK exhibits excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the corresponding mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of LHQK on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI in mice. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines assessments, and mucus secretion evaluation indicated that administration of LHQK ameliorated LPS‐induced lung injury, and suppressed the secretion of Muc5AC and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β) in plasma and BALF. Furthermore, the results of cell‐free DNA level showed that LHQK significantly inhibited LPS‐induced NETs formation. Western blot revealed that LHQK effectively inhibited LPS‐triggered pyroptosis in the lung. In addition, RNA‐Seq data analysis, relatively bioinformatic analysis, and network pharmacology analysis revealed that LHQK and relative components may play multiple protective functions in LPS‐induced ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by regulating multiple targets directly or indirectly related to NETs and pyroptosis. In conclusion, LHQK can effectively attenuate lung injury and reduce lung inflammation by inhibiting LPS‐induced NETs formation and pyroptosis, which may be regulated directly or indirectly by active compounds of LHQK

Genomic profiling and associated B cell lineages delineate the efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based therapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomaResearch in context

Summary: Background: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has offered novel therapeutic options for patients with locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Depicting the landscape of genomic and immune profiles is critical in predicting therapeutic responses. Methods: We integrated whole-exome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and immunofluorescence data of ESCC samples from 24 patients who received neoadjuvant treatment with PD-1 inhibitors plus paclitaxel and platinum-based chemotherapy to identify correlations with therapeutic responses. Findings: An elevation of small insertions and deletions was observed in responders. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway alternations were highly frequent in patients with optimal responses and correlated with tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Among the TILs in ESCC, dichotomous developing trajectories of B cells were identified, with one lineage differentiating towards LMO2+ germinal centre B cells and another lineage differentiating towards CD55+ memory B cells. While LMO2+ germinal centre B cells were enriched in responding tumours, CD55+ memory B cells were found to correlate with inferior responses to combination therapy, exhibiting immune-regulating features and impeding the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. The comprehensive evaluation of transcriptomic B cell lineage features was validated to predict responses to immunotherapy in patients with cancer. Interpretation: This comprehensive evaluation of tumour MMR pathway alternations and intra-tumoural B cell features will help to improve the selection and management of patients with ESCC to receive neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Funding: National Science Foundation of China (82373371, 82330053), Eastern Scholar Program at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2023YFA1800204, 2020YFC2008402), and Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22ZR1410700, 20ZR1410800)

Giant Plasmene Nanosheets, Nanoribbons, and Origami

We introduce <i>Plasmene</i> in analogy to grapheneas free-standing, one-particle-thick, superlattice sheets of nanoparticles (“meta-atoms”) from the “plasmonic periodic table”, which has implications in many important research disciplines. Here, we report on a general bottom-up self-assembly approach to fabricate giant plasmene nanosheets (<i>i.e.</i>, plasmene with nanoscale thickness but with macroscopic lateral dimensions) as thin as ∼40 nm and as wide as ∼3 mm, corresponding to an aspect ratio of ∼75 000. In conjunction with top–down lithography, such robust giant nanosheets could be milled into one-dimensional nanoribbons and folded into three-dimensional origami. Both experimental and theoretical studies reveal that our giant plasmene nanosheets are analogues of graphene from the plasmonic nanoparticle family, simultaneously possessing unique structural features and plasmon propagation functionalities

Toward high throughput interconvertible graphane-to-graphene growth and patterning

10.1021/nn1017389ACS Nano4106146-615