Salvianolic acid b alleviating myocardium injury in ischemia reperfusion rats

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Bunge is one of the widely-used Chinese  medicinal herbs. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, has been reported to exhibit  anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidantive effects.Material and method: To study the cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury rats, on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of salvianolic acid B was elucidated. Male Sprague- Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated, MIR, MIR + Sal B (10 mg/kg/day, orally), MIR + Sal B (20 mg/kg/day, orally) and MIR + Sal B (30 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in MIR, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions.Results: Sal B significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, increased contents of myocardium antioxidant enzymes activities; western blot results showed that Sal B ameliorate the increased Bax and caspase-3 protins expressions and decreased Bcl-2 proteins expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax.Conclusion: In ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. Sal B exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia injury and cardiac celldeath.Keywords: Immunity, Antioxidant, Ra

Plasmonic Nano-Aperture Label-Free Imaging of Single Small Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Detection

BACKGROUND: Small extracellular vesicle (sEV) analysis can potentially improve cancer detection and diagnostics. However, this potential has been constrained by insufficient sensitivity, dynamic range, and the need for complex labeling. METHODS: In this study, we demonstrate the combination of PANORAMA and fluorescence imaging for single sEV analysis. The co-acquisition of PANORAMA and fluorescence images enables label-free visualization, enumeration, size determination, and enables detection of cargo microRNAs (miRs). RESULTS: An increased sEV count is observed in human plasma samples from patients with cancer, regardless of cancer type. The cargo miR-21 provides molecular specificity within the same sEV population at the single unit level, which pinpoints the sEVs subset of cancer origin. Using cancer cells-implanted animals, cancer-specific sEVs from 20 µl of plasma can be detected before tumors were palpable. The level plateaus between 5-15 absolute sEV count (ASC) per µl with tumors ≥8 mm CONCLUSIONS: Our techniques and findings can impact the understanding of cancer biology and the development of new cancer detection and diagnostic technologies

SALVIANOLIC ACID B ALLEVIATING MYOCARDIUM INJURY IN ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION RATS

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) Bunge is one of the widely-used Chinese medicinal herbs. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidantive effects. Material and method: To study the cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) injury rats, on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of salvianolic acid B was elucidated. Male Sprague- Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operated, MIR, MIR + Sal B (10 mg/kg/day, orally), MIR + Sal B (20 mg/kg/day, orally) and MIR + Sal B (30 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in MIR, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions. Results: Sal B significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels, increased contents of myocardium antioxidant enzymes activities; western blot results showed that Sal B ameliorate the increased Bax and caspase-3 protins expressions and decreased Bcl-2 proteins expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax. Conclusion: In ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. Sal B exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia injury and cardiac cell death

Protective effect of curcumin against myocardium injury in ischemia reperfusion rats

Context: Curcumin has long been used as a condiment and a traditional medicine worldwide. Objective: The current study investigates the possible protective effect of curcumin on heart function in myocardium ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) rats. Materials and methods: We fed Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (10 in each group) either curcumin (10, 20 or 30 mg/kg/d) or saline. Twenty days later, the rats were subjected to myocardial injuries by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (60 min), and subsequently, the heart (3 h) reperfused by releasing the ligation. Then, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes and gene expression were assessed in myocardium tissue. Results: Only the rats that were supplemented with curcumin (10, 20 or 30 mg/kg/d) showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in oxidative stress (3-fold), infarct size (2.5-fold), which was smaller than that of the control group. The percentage of infarct size in MIR rats with curcumin at 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg/d decreased (from 49.1% to 18.3%) compared to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 was further strengthened by curcumin (10, 20 or 30 mg/kg/d) in a dose-dependent manner. Discussion and conclusion: Curcumin intake might reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by stimulating JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, decreasing oxidative damage and inhibiting myocardium apoptosis

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Combining SMRT- and Illumina-Based RNA-Seq Identifies Potential Candidate Genes Involved in Betalain Biosynthesis in Pitaya Fruit

To gain more valuable genomic information about betalain biosynthesis, the full-length transcriptome of pitaya pulp from &lsquo;Zihonglong&rsquo; (red pulp) and &lsquo;Jinghonglong&rsquo; (white pulp) in four fruit developmental stages was analyzed using Single-Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing corrected by Illumina RNA-sequence (Illumina RNA-Seq). A total of 65,317 and 91,638 genes were identified in &lsquo;Zihonglong&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jinghonglong&rsquo;, respectively. A total of 11,377 and 15,551 genes with more than two isoforms were investigated from &lsquo;Zihonglong&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jinghonglong&rsquo;, respectively. In total, 156,955 genes were acquired after elimination of redundancy, of which, 120,604 genes (79.63%) were annotated, and 30,875 (20.37%) sequences without hits to reference database were probably novel genes in pitaya. A total of 31,169 and 53,024 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were uncovered from the genes of &lsquo;Zihonglong&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jinghonglong&rsquo;, and 11,650 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in &lsquo;Zihonglong&rsquo; and 11,113 lncRNAs in &lsquo;Jinghonglong&rsquo; were obtained herein. qRT-PCR was conducted on ten candidate genes, the expression level of six novel genes were consistent with the Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM) values. In conclusion, we firstly undertook SMRT sequencing of the full-length transcriptome of pitaya, and the valuable resource that was acquired through this sequencing facilitated the identification of additional betalain-related genes. Notably, a list of novel putative genes related to the synthesis of betalain in pitaya fruits was assembled. This may provide new insights into betalain synthesis in pitaya