341 research outputs found
ChatGPT as a Factual Inconsistency Evaluator for Abstractive Text Summarization
The performance of abstractive text summarization has been greatly boosted by
pre-trained language models recently. The main concern of existing abstractive
summarization methods is the factual inconsistency problem of their generated
summary. To alleviate the problem, many efforts have focused on developing
effective factuality evaluation metrics based on natural language inference and
question answering et al. However, they have limitations of high computational
complexity and relying on annotated data. Most recently, large language models
such as ChatGPT have shown strong ability in not only natural language
understanding but also natural language inference. In this paper, we study the
factual inconsistency evaluation ability of ChatGPT under the zero-shot setting
by evaluating it on the coarse-grained and fine-grained factuality evaluation
tasks including binary natural language inference (NLI), summary ranking, and
consistency rating. Experimental results show that ChatGPT outperforms previous
SOTA evaluation metrics on 6/9 datasets across three tasks, demonstrating its
great potential for assessing factual inconsistency in the zero-shot setting.
The results also highlight the importance of prompt design and the need for
future efforts to address ChatGPT's limitations on evaluation bias, wrong
reasoning, and hallucination.Comment: ongoing work, 12 pages, 4 figure
A Survey on Biomedical Text Summarization with Pre-trained Language Model
The exponential growth of biomedical texts such as biomedical literature and
electronic health records (EHRs), provides a big challenge for clinicians and
researchers to access clinical information efficiently. To address the problem,
biomedical text summarization has been proposed to support clinical information
retrieval and management, aiming at generating concise summaries that distill
key information from single or multiple biomedical documents. In recent years,
pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been the de facto standard of various
natural language processing tasks in the general domain. Most recently, PLMs
have been further investigated in the biomedical field and brought new insights
into the biomedical text summarization task. In this paper, we systematically
summarize recent advances that explore PLMs for biomedical text summarization,
to help understand recent progress, challenges, and future directions. We
categorize PLMs-based approaches according to how they utilize PLMs and what
PLMs they use. We then review available datasets, recent approaches and
evaluation metrics of the task. We finally discuss existing challenges and
promising future directions. To facilitate the research community, we line up
open resources including available datasets, recent approaches, codes,
evaluation metrics, and the leaderboard in a public project:
https://github.com/KenZLuo/Biomedical-Text-Summarization-Survey/tree/master.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, TKDE under revie
Overview of the BioLaySumm 2023 Shared Task on Lay Summarization of Biomedical Research Articles
This paper presents the results of the shared task on Lay Summarisation of
Biomedical Research Articles (BioLaySumm), hosted at the BioNLP Workshop at ACL
2023. The goal of this shared task is to develop abstractive summarisation
models capable of generating "lay summaries" (i.e., summaries that are
comprehensible to non-technical audiences) in both a controllable and
non-controllable setting. There are two subtasks: 1) Lay Summarisation, where
the goal is for participants to build models for lay summary generation only,
given the full article text and the corresponding abstract as input; and 2)
Readability-controlled Summarisation, where the goal is for participants to
train models to generate both the technical abstract and the lay summary, given
an article's main text as input. In addition to overall results, we report on
the setup and insights from the BioLaySumm shared task, which attracted a total
of 20 participating teams across both subtasks.Comment: Published at BioNLP@ACL202
Immobilizing Ni (II)-Exchanged Heteropolyacids on Silica as Catalysts for Acid-Catalyzed Esterification Reactions
Biodiesel was synthesized from oleic acid using Ni (II)-exchanged heteropolyacids immobilized on silica (Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 ) as a solid acid catalyst. Based on detailed analyses of FT-IR, XRD, TG and SEM, the structural, surface and thermal stability of Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 were investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that the Keggin structure was well in the immobilization process and possess a high thermal stability. Various esterification reaction conditions and reusability of catalyst were studied. High oleic acid conversion of 81.4 % was observed at a 1:22 mole ratio (oleic acid: methanol), 3 wt. % catalyst at 70 °C for 4 h. The Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 catalyst was reused for several times and presented relatively stable. More interestingly, the kinetic studies revealed the esterification process was compatible with the first order model, and a lower activation energy was obtained in this catalytic system
Preimage and Collision Attacks on Reduced Ascon Using Algebraic Strategies
Ascon, a family of algorithms that supports hashing and authenticated encryption, is the winner of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Project. In this paper, we propose an improved preimage attack against 2-round Ascon-XOF-64 with a complexity of via a better guessing strategy. Furthermore, in order to find a good guessing strategy efficiently, we build a MILP model and successfully extend the attack to 3 rounds. The time complexity is when , while for the real , the attack still works and the time complexity is . Additionally, we also investigate the resistance of Ascon-HASH against collision attacks. We introduce the linearization of the inverse of S-boxes and then propose a practical free-start collision attack on 3-round Ascon-HASH using a differential trail searched dedicatedly. Furthermore, We construct different 2-round connectors using the linearization of the inverse of S-boxes and successfully extend the collision attack to 4 rounds and 5 rounds of Ascon-HASH with complexities of and respectively. Although our attacks do not compromise the security of the full 12-round Ascon-XOF and Ascon-HASH, they provide some insights into Ascon\u27s security
Dynamic polarization attractors of dissipative solitons from carbon nanotube mode-locked Er-doped laser
We report experimental observation of polarization attractors in the form of vector dissipative solitons from a carbon nanotube mode locked fiber laser. At a time scale of 14-14,000 roundtrips, the typical polarization locked vector solitons, and other appealing attractors are shown. In addition, we observe the vector dissipative solitons operated in dual-wavelength regime with central wavelength of 1533 and 1557 nm which can be related to a fixed point polarization attractor. The results unveiled complex oscillatory behavior of dissipative solitons in the polarization domain which may help understand laser physics, nonlinear optics. The demonstrated work may underpin a new type of high energy laser source leading to possible applications in nanoparticle manipulation, micromachining, spectroscopy etc
Enhanced photo-piezo-catalytic properties of Co-doped Ba<sub>0.85</sub>Ca<sub>0.15</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>(Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>)<sub>0.9</sub> ferroelectric ceramics for dye degradation
This paper provides a detailed evaluation of the photo-piezo-catalytic properties of lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1(Ti1-xCox)0.9(BCZT-xCo,x = 0–0.025) ferroelectric ceramics prepared by a solid-state process. By control of the Co doping level, the band gap was reduced to 2.40 eV at the composition x = 0.02, which improved the generation of photo-generated charges and enhanced the photocatalytic activity. When a solution containing BCZT-0.02Co particles was subjected to both ultrasound and illumination, the degree of degradation of Rhodamine B reached 99% within 60 min, which was grater than when subjected to illumination or ultrasound alone. Examination of the dielectric properties, photoelectrochemical measurements and band energy structure of the materials provided new insights into the catalytic mechanism, where a strong coupling between piezoelectricity and photoexcitation was clearly observed. This work therefore highlights the attractive photo-piezo-catalytic properties of BCZT-xCo doped ceramics and is the first demonstration that Co substitution in these lead-free ferroelectric ceramics provides significant potential for photo-piezo-catalysis applications.</p
Improved Differential Cryptanalysis on SPECK Using Plaintext Structures
Plaintext structures are a commonly-used technique for improving differential cryptanalysis. Generally, there are two types of plaintext structures: multiple-differential structures and truncated-differential structures. Both types have been widely used in cryptanalysis of S-box-based ciphers while for SPECK, an Addition-Rotation-XOR (ARX) cipher, the truncated-differential structure has not been used so far. In this paper, we investigate the properties of modular addition and propose a method to construct truncated-differential structures for SPECK. Moreover, we show that a combination of both types of structures is also possible for SPECK. For recovering the key of SPECK, we propose dedicated algorithms and apply them to various differential distinguishers, which helps to obtain a series of improved attacks on all variants of SPECK. Notably, on SPECK128, the time complexity of the attack can be reduced by a factor up to 2^15. The results show that the combination of both structures helps to improve the data and time complexity at the same time, as in the cryptanalysis of S-box-based ciphers
A synthetic peptide from Sipunculus nudus promotes bone formation via Estrogen/MAPK signal pathway based on network pharmacology
The tripeptide Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), derived from the Sipunculus nudus protein, was synthesized and studied to investigate its potential protective effect on bone formation. The effect and mechanism of LPK were analyzed through network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental pharmacology. The study found that LPK at concentrations of 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL significantly increased ALP activity and mineralization in C3H10 cells. LPK also increased the expression of COL1A1 and promoted bone formation in zebrafish larvae. Network pharmacology predicted 148 interaction targets between LPK and bone development, and analysis of the protein-protein interaction network identified 13 hub genes, including ESR1, MAPK8, and EGFR, involved in bone development. Through KEGG enrichment pathways analysis, it was determined that LPK promotes bone development by regulating endocrine resistance, the relaxin signaling pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed direct interactions between LPK and ESR1, MAPK8, and MAPK14. Additional verification experiments using western blot assay revealed that LPK significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to bone formation, including COL1A1, OPG, RUNX2, ESR1, phosphorylated MAPK14, and phosphorylated MAPK8 in C3H10 cells. These results suggest that LPK promotes bone formation by activating the estrogen/MAPK signaling pathway
Oxygen enrichment protects against intestinal damage and gut microbiota disturbance in rats exposed to acute high-altitude hypoxia
Acute high-altitude hypoxia can lead to intestinal damage and changes in gut microbiota. Sustained and reliable oxygen enrichment can resist hypoxic damage at high altitude to a certain extent. However, it remains unclear whether oxygen enrichment can protect against gut damage and changes in intestinal flora caused by acute altitude hypoxia. For this study, eighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups, control (NN), hypobaric hypoxic (HH), and oxygen-enriched (HO). The NN group was raised under normobaric normoxia, whereas the HH group was placed in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber simulating 7,000 m for 3 days. The HO group was exposed to oxygen-enriched air in the same hypobaric hypoxic chamber as the HH group for 12 h daily. Our findings indicate that an acute HH environment caused a fracture of the crypt structure, loss of epithelial cells, and reduction in goblet cells. Additionally, the structure and diversity of bacteria decreased in richness and evenness. The species composition at Phylum and Genus level was characterized by a higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroides and an increased abundance of Lactobacillus with the abundance of Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group decreased in the HH group. Interestingly, after oxygen enrichment intervention, the intestinal injury was significantly restrained. This was confirmed by an increase in the crypt depth, intact epithelial cell morphology, increased relative density of goblet cells, and higher evenness and richness of the gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae as the main microbiota in the HO group. Finally, functional analysis showed significant differences between the different groups with respect to different metabolic pathways, including Amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism. In conclusion, this study verifies, for the first time, the positive effects of oxygen enrichment on gut structure and microbiota in animals experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia
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