How to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ireland: a Qualitative Study on Views of Chinese Immigrant Mothers

Background The exclusive breastfeeding rate in Ireland is very low with extremely slow annual growth.The population of immigrants in Ireland is increasing. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practice amongimmigrants may contribute to the overall improvement of exclusive breastfeeding rates in Ireland. Thisstudy was conducted to elicit recommendations on improving exclusive breastfeeding rate for six monthsamong Chinese immigrants in Ireland. Methods Fourteen semi-structured in-depth individual interviewswere conducted with Chinese immigrant mothers resident in Ireland, who breastfed exclusively for four to six months

The Ritualization of Classic Confucian Spirit of Jing (Reverence and Respect): Evidence from Traditional Chinese Capping Ritual

In ancient China, all moral concepts are based on Li  禮  (ritual). Jing  敬  (reverence and respect) is one of the core categories of Confucian ritual spirituality and has rich ideological connotations. This study discusses how Confucianism realizes the ritualization of jing and constructs its symbolic system in the capping ritual to strengthen adult consciousness and social responsibility. First, based on relevant classic texts, we clarify the internal relationship between traditional ritual spirituality and jing. Then, we present an overview of the coming-of-age ceremony and discuss how religious beliefs and rituals incorporate Confucian ethical values and aesthetics. Finally, from the ritual uses of time, space, and behavior, we examine the meaning of jing in the specific practice of the traditional Chinese capping ritual and how it is conveyed to participants and observers through ritual implements and behaviors. The results show the capping ritual as an important life etiquette, and Confucianism injects the spirit of jing into every phase to cultivate an emotional response that will instantiate a moral ideal applicable to individuals and the state. In complex, modern societies, it is important to condense the Confucian spiritual connotation of jing and integrate it into modern coming-of-age rites

The Impact of Green Finance on China’s Agricultural Trade

Enhancing the effectiveness of green development of the agricultural trade economy with green finance is a practical need to promote the healthy development of agricultural trade. This manuscript empirically analyzes the impact of green finance on China’s agricultural products import and export trade by using provincial-level panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2001–2019. The findings show that: (1) Green finance positively impacts China’s agricultural import and export trade at the 1% significant level, expanding the scale of agricultural imports and exports. (2) The positive impact of green finance on China’s agricultural import and export trade is heterogeneous across regions. Accordingly, this paper puts forward policy suggestions such as strengthening the support of green finance to agriculture, focusing on the improvement of green total factor productivity in agriculture, and promoting synergistic regional development through the implementation of differentiation of green finance

Can the Integration of Rural Industries Help Strengthen China’s Agricultural Economic Resilience?

Rural industrial integration is the key to promoting the development of rural industrial restructuring and modernization, and plays a vital role in improving agricultural economic resilience. Based on the evaluation index system of agricultural economic resilience and the level of rural industrial integration development, respectively, this paper uses panel data from 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2020 to empirically test the impact of rural industrial integration development on agricultural economic resilience by using an individual fixed-effects model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that rural industrial integration significantly contributes to enhancing agricultural economic resilience, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. There is dimensional and regional heterogeneity in the impact of rural industrial integration on agricultural economic resilience, and the strength of the promotion effect by dimension is in the order of adaptive adjustment capacity, transformation and innovation capacity, and resilience to recovery capacity. In the eastern and central regions, the promotion effect of rural industrial integration on agricultural economic resilience is more significant. In the main food-producing areas, the promotion effect of rural industrial integration on resilience to recovery is significantly slighter than that of non-food-producing regions. Mechanism analysis indicates that regional industrial structure optimization is an essential channel for rural industrial integration to enhance the resilience of the agricultural economy. On this basis, in order to strengthen agricultural economic resilience, provinces should actively explore differentiated industrial integration policies to enhance industrial structure optimization and upgrading, stimulate agricultural economic vitality, and foster the development of China’s agricultural modernization

Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Agricultural Export Trade

With the gradual intensification of the global environmental pollution trend, air pollution has a vital impact role in agricultural export trade. This manuscript uses balanced panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and districts from 2005–2019 in China to empirically verify the mechanism of the impact of air pollution on agricultural exports. The following results were achieved using the fixed effect and moderating effect model. The results show that air pollution significantly inhibits the growth of agricultural export trade. In particular, the presence of environmental regulations will weaken this adverse effect. Regionally, the negative impact of air pollution on China’s agricultural export trade in large agricultural provinces is significantly greater than that in non-agricultural areas. To ensure the sustainable development of China’s agricultural export trade, we should strengthen the ability to cope with air pollution, actively expand diversified international markets, and strive to improve the technological content and green level of exported agricultural products in order to achieve innovative green development of agricultural export trade

Study on the Impact of Air Pollution on Agricultural Export Trade

With the gradual intensification of the global environmental pollution trend, air pollution has a vital impact role in agricultural export trade. This manuscript uses balanced panel data from 30 Chinese provinces and districts from 2005–2019 in China to empirically verify the mechanism of the impact of air pollution on agricultural exports. The following results were achieved using the fixed effect and moderating effect model. The results show that air pollution significantly inhibits the growth of agricultural export trade. In particular, the presence of environmental regulations will weaken this adverse effect. Regionally, the negative impact of air pollution on China’s agricultural export trade in large agricultural provinces is significantly greater than that in non-agricultural areas. To ensure the sustainable development of China’s agricultural export trade, we should strengthen the ability to cope with air pollution, actively expand diversified international markets, and strive to improve the technological content and green level of exported agricultural products in order to achieve innovative green development of agricultural export trade

Fabrication of Au@Pt Multibranched Nanoparticles and Their Application to In Situ SERS Monitoring

Here, we present an Au@Pt core–shell multibranched nanoparticle as a new substrate capable of in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), thereby enabling monitoring of the catalytic reaction on the active surface. By careful control of the amount of Pt deposited bimetallic Au@Pt, nanoparticles with moderate performance both for SERS and catalytic activity were obtained. The Pt-catalyzed reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol by borohydride was chosen as the model reaction. The intermediate during the reaction was captured and clearly identified via SERS spectroscopy. We established in situ SERS spectroscopy as a promising and powerful technique to investigate in situ reactions taking place in heterogeneous catalysis

Evidence on reporting guidelines for surgical technique in clinical disciplines:a scoping review protocol

Background: The reporting of surgical techniques is of mixed quality, with most at a very minimal level. Reporting guidelines that could be applied to guide surgical technique reporting vary in methodology for development, discipline coverage, dimension coverage and detail requested. However, a scoping review that could indicate the gaps and efforts needed in surgical technique reporting guidelines is lacking and warranted. This study aims to design a methodological rigour protocol to guide the development of a scoping review of surgical technique reporting guidelines.Methods: This protocol is designed following the 2020 manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. To further ensure the soundness of the protocol, we also included multidisciplinary professionals (including methodologists, clinicians, and journal editors) to refine the protocol.Discussion: Seven key steps for developing the scoping review are identified and presented in detail, including (I) identifying the research questions; (II) inclusion criteria; (III) search strategy; (IV) source of evidence selection; (V) data extraction; (VI) analysis of the evidence; and (VII) presentation of the results. Guided by this protocol, the subsequent scoping review will inform us the overview of surgical technique reporting guidelines and precisely guide our direction and next steps in improving surgical technique reporting guidelines

Reporting guidelines for surgical technique could be improved: a scoping review and a call for action

Objectives: To identify reporting guidelines related to surgical technique and propose recommendations for areas that require improvement.Study Design and Setting: A protocol-guided scoping review was conducted. A literature search of MEDLINE, the EQUATOR Network Library, Google Scholar, and Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations was conducted to identify surgical technique reporting guidelines published up to December 31, 2021.Results: We finally included 55 surgical technique reporting guidelines, vascular surgery (n = 18, 32.7%) was the most common among the clinical specialties covered. The included guidelines generally showed a low degree of international and multidisciplinary coop-eration. Few guidelines provided a detailed development process (n = 14, 25.5%), conducted a systematic literature review (n = 13, 23.6%), used the Delphi method (n = 4, 7.3%), or described post-publication strategy (n = 6, 10.9%). The vast majority guidelines focused on the reporting of intraoperative period (n = 50, 90.9%). However, of the guidelines requiring detailed descriptions of surgical technique methodology (n = 43, 78.2%), most failed to provide guidance on what constitutes an adequate description.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates significant deficiencies in the development methodology and practicality of reporting guidelines for surgical technique. A standardized reporting guideline that is developed rigorously and focuses on details of surgical technique may serve as a necessary impetus for change. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Developing the surgical technique reporting checklist and standards:a study protocol

BACKGROUND: Standardized and transparent reporting of surgical technique is the cornerstone of effective dissemination, implementation and improvement. However, current reporting of surgical techniques is inadequate. The existing guidelines potentially applied to guide surgical technique reporting are with a minimal highlight of the surgical technique, lack requirements explaining what extent and dimensions need to be described in detail, or are unlikely to extrapolate to a wide range of surgical techniques. This study aims to formulate a rigorous protocol to develop a surgical technique reporting checklist and standards (SUPER) that defines what a clear, comprehensive and detailed surgical technique report should be contained. METHODS: This protocol is designed following the classic guidance for developing reporting guidelines recommended by the EQUATOR network. RESULTS: The development team will consist of surgeons (~80%), methodologists, and journal editors. The draft checklist sources will include a scoping review of existing reporting guidelines related to surgical technique, surgical technique articles from 15 top journals published in the last year, and brainstorming by the multidisciplinary development team. The final SUPER checklist will be formed after three rounds of Delphi surveys, one round of face-to-face meeting, and a month-long pilot test. The SUPER checklist will be published as open-access and be used in combination with existing reporting guidelines related to surgical techniques (e.g., IDEAL). This protocol will steer the SUPER checklist’s development, allowing us to further elaborate surgical technique reporting for all surgical specialties, and enabling a more favorable experience for surgeons, nurses, medical students, residents, editors, and reviewers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered at the EQUATOR network on December 18th, 2020. Available at: https://www.equator-network.org/library/reporting-guidelines-under-development/reporting-guidelines-under-development-for-other-study-designs