Learning Decoupled Retrieval Representation for Nearest Neighbour Neural Machine Translation

K-Nearest Neighbor Neural Machine Translation (kNN-MT) successfully incorporates external corpus by retrieving word-level representations at test time. Generally, kNN-MT borrows the off-the-shelf context representation in the translation task, e.g., the output of the last decoder layer, as the query vector of the retrieval task. In this work, we highlight that coupling the representations of these two tasks is sub-optimal for fine-grained retrieval. To alleviate it, we leverage supervised contrastive learning to learn the distinctive retrieval representation derived from the original context representation. We also propose a fast and effective approach to constructing hard negative samples. Experimental results on five domains show that our approach improves the retrieval accuracy and BLEU score compared to vanilla kNN-MT.Comment: Accepted by COLING 202

Why a local moment induces an antiferromagnetic ordering: An RVB picture

Based on a Gutzwiller projected BCS wavefunction, it is shown that a local S=1/2 moment is present around a vacancy site (zinc impurity) in a form of staggered magnetic moments, which is a direct consequence of the short-ranged resonating-valence-bond (RVB) pairing in the spin background.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Bis(5,5,7,12,12,14-hexa­methyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­azacyclo­tetra­decane-κ4 N)(μ-l-mal­ato-κ4 O 1,O 2:O 4,O 4′)dinickel(II) bis(perchlorate) monohydrate

In the crystal structure of the title dinuclear compound, [Ni2(C4H4O5)(C16H36N4)2](ClO4)2·H2O, the bridg­ing di­car­box­yl­ate dianion O,O′-chelates to two Ni atoms, both of which are also chelated by the N-macrocylic ligand. The Ni atoms exhibit a distorted octa­hedral coordination. N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and the uncoordinated water mol­ecules into a layer structure; the perchlorate anions occupy the space between adjacent layers, and are only weakly linked to the layers. One of the perchlorate anions is disordered over two sets of sites in a 3:2 ratio

[4-Carboxy­imidazole-5-carboxyl­ato(2–)-κ2 N 1,O 5](5,5,7,12,12,14-hexa­methyl-1,4,8,11-tetra­azacyclo­tetra­decane-κ4 N,N′,N′′,N′′′)nickel(II) monohydrate

The 4-carboxy­imidazole-5-carboxyl­ate(2−) dianion in the title compound, [Ni(C5H2N2O4)(C16H36N4)]·H2O, N,O′-chelates to the NiII atom, which shows an octa­hedral coordination. The macrocycle folds itself around the metal atom and binds to it through four secondary nitrogen atoms; adjacent molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a linear chain. The water molecule is disordered over two positions

Tetra­aqua­bis[3-(4-pyrid­yl)benzoato-κN]nickel(II)

The NiII atom in the title compound, [Ni(C12H8NO2)2(H2O)4], exists in an all-trans octa­hedral coordination environment. The 3-(4-pyrid­yl)benzoate ligand binds to Ni atom through the pyridyl N atom; the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 26.27 (10)°. Adjacent complexes are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The metal atom lies on a special position of 2 site symmetry in the crystal structure

μ-Adipato-κ2 O 1:O 4-bis­{[2,6-bis­(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN 3)pyridine-κN](nitrato-κO)lead(II)}

The dinuclear title compound, [Pb2(C6H8O4)(NO3)2(C19H13N5)2], lies with the mid-point of the butyl chain of the bridging adipate unit on a center of inversion. The PbII ion is covalently bonded to the nitrate anion and is bonded to a carboxyl­ate group of the adipate unit by another covalent bond. The N-heterocycle functions in a chelating tridentate mode. The metal atom exists in a Ψ-octa­hedral coordination environment. When weaker Pb⋯O inter­actions are also considered, the geometry is a Ψ-tricapped trigonal prism in which the lone-pair electrons occupy one face of the trigonal prism. Adjacent mol­ecules are linked into a layer structure by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

A Pseudo DNA Cryptography Method

The DNA cryptography is a new and very promising direction in cryptography research. DNA can be used in cryptography for storing and transmitting the information, as well as for computation. Although in its primitive stage, DNA cryptography is shown to be very effective. Currently, several DNA computing algorithms are proposed for quite some cryptography, cryptanalysis and steganography problems, and they are very powerful in these areas. However, the use of the DNA as a means of cryptography has high tech lab requirements and computational limitations, as well as the labor intensive extrapolation means so far. These make the efficient use of DNA cryptography difficult in the security world now. Therefore, more theoretical analysis should be performed before its real applications. In this project, We do not intended to utilize real DNA to perform the cryptography process; rather, We will introduce a new cryptography method based on central dogma of molecular biology. Since this method simulates some critical processes in central dogma, it is a pseudo DNA cryptography method. The theoretical analysis and experiments show this method to be efficient in computation, storage and transmission; and it is very powerful against certain attacks. Thus, this method can be of many uses in cryptography, such as an enhancement insecurity and speed to the other cryptography methods. There are also extensions and variations to this method, which have enhanced security, effectiveness and applicability.Comment: A small work that quite some people asked abou

Low-carbon economic operation of integrated energy systems in consideration of demand-side management and carbon trading

Under the background of carbon emission abatement worldwide, carbon trading is becoming an important carbon financing policy to promote emission mitigation. Aiming at the emerging coupling among various energy sectors, this paper proposes a bi-level scheduling model to investigate the low-carbon operation of the electricity and natural gas integrated energy systems (IES). Firstly, an optimal energy flow model considering carbon trading is formulated at the upper level, in which carbon emission flow model is employed to track the carbon flows accompanying energy flows and identify the emission responsibility from the consumption-based perspective, and the locational marginal price is determined at the same time. Then at the lower level, a developed demand-side management strategy is introduced, which can manage demands in response to both the dynamic energy prices and the nodal carbon intensities, enabling the user side to participate in the joint energy and carbon trading. The bi-level model is solved iteratively and reaches an equilibrium. Finally, case studies based on the IEEE 39-bus system and the Belgium 20-node system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing carbon emissions and improving consumer surplus