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Spectral tracing of deuterium for imaging glucose metabolism.
Cells and tissues often display pronounced spatial and dynamical metabolic heterogeneity. Common glucose-imaging techniques report glucose uptake or catabolism activity, yet do not trace the functional utilization of glucose-derived anabolic products. Here we report a microscopy technique for the optical imaging, via the spectral tracing of deuterium (STRIDE), of diverse macromolecules derived from glucose. Based on stimulated Raman-scattering imaging, STRIDE visualizes the metabolic dynamics of newly synthesized macromolecules, such as DNA, protein, lipids and glycogen, via the enrichment and distinct spectra of carbon-deuterium bonds transferred from the deuterated glucose precursor. STRIDE can also use spectral differences derived from different glucose isotopologues to visualize temporally separated glucose populations using a pulse-chase protocol. We also show that STRIDE can be used to image glucose metabolism in many mouse tissues, including tumours, brain, intestine and liver, at a detection limit of 10 mM of carbon-deuterium bonds. STRIDE provides a high-resolution and chemically informative assessment of glucose anabolic utilization
Severe tracheal stenosis due to prolonged tracheostomy tube placement: a case report
Tracheal stenosis is the most common late airway complication of tracheostomy. Severe tracheal stenosis resulted in hemodynamic deterioration and impairment of respiratory system mechanics. We cared for an 86-year-old man with severe tracheal stenosis due to prolonged placement of a tracheostomy tube for 42-months. At the distal tip of the tracheostomy tube, bronchoscopy revealed severe tracheal luminal obstructions by granulation tissue. During pressure-controlled ventilation, the peak airway pressure was much higher than the inspiratory pressure. For patients with clinical signs of tracheal stenosis after tracheotomy, bronchoscopy should be done as early as possible
Fractal dimension and the counting rule of the Goldstone modes
It is argued that highly degenerate ground states arising from spontaneous
symmetry breaking with a type-B Goldstone mode are scale-invariant, with a
salient feature that the entanglement entropy scales logarithmically
with the block size in the thermodynamic limit. As it turns out, the
prefactor is half the number of type-B Goldstone modes . This is achieved
by performing an exact singular value decomposition of the degenerate ground
states, thus unveiling their self-similarities - the essence of a fractal.
Combining with a field-theoretic prediction [O. A. Castro-Alvaredo and B.
Doyon, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{108}, 120401 (2012)], we are led to the
identification of the fractal dimension with the number of type-B
Goldstone modes for quantum many-body systems undergoing spontaneous
symmetry breaking.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes and references adde
Absence of a critical nematic phase in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic point for the one-dimensional spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model
The absence of a critical nematic phase in the vicinity of the
ferromagnetic point for the one-dimensional spin-1 bilinear-biquadratic model
is demonstrated by means of the tensor network algorithms. As it turns out, the
phase transition from the ferromagnetic phase to the dimerized phase at the
ferromagnetic point is direct, but not of the first-order. The
transition point features highly degenerate ground states, which are scale but
not conformally invariant, with the fractal dimension being equal to 2. The
conceptual developments in effective field theories - the fractal dimension and
the counting rule of the Goldstone modes - play a pivotal role in clarifying
the numerical artifacts arising from the finiteness of the bond dimension in
the tensor network simulations, which are attributed to a proximity effect to a
highly entangled scale or conformally invariant ground state.Comment: 15 pages, 21 figures, 7 tables. References update
Extracting the number of type-B Goldstone modes and the dynamical critical exponent for a type of scale-invariant states
A generic scheme is proposed to perform a finite-entanglement scaling
analysis for scale-invariant states, which appear to be highly degenerate
ground states arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking with type-B Goldstone
modes. This allows us to extract the number of type-B Goldstone modes and the
dynamical critical exponent, in combination with a finite block-size scaling
analysis, from numerical simulations of quantum many-body systems in the
context of tensor network representations. The number of type-B Goldstone modes
is identical to the fractal dimension, thus reflecting an abstract fractal
underlying the ground state subspace. As illustrative examples, we investigate
the spin- Heisenberg ferromagnetic model, the ferromagnetic
model and the spin-orbital model.Comment: 14 pages, 24 figures, 11 table
A Small Ku-Band Polarization Tracking Active Phased Array for Mobile Satellite Communications
A compact polarization tracking active phased array for Ku-band mobile satellite signal reception is presented. In contrast with conventional mechanically tracking antennas, the approach presented here meets the requirements of beam tracking and polarization tracking simultaneously without any servo components. The two-layer stacked square patch fed by two probes is used as antenna element. The impedance bandwidth of 16% for the element covers the operating frequency range from 12.25 GHz to 12.75 GHz. In the presence of mutual coupling, the dimensional parameters for each element of the small 7 × 7 array are optimized during beam scanning and polarization tracking. The compact polarization tracking modules based on the low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) system-in-package (SiP) technology are proposed. A small active phased array prototype with the size of 120 mm (length) × 120 mm (width) × 55 mm (height) is developed. The measured polarization tracking patterns of the prototype are given. The polarization tracking beam can be steered in the elevation up to 50°. The gain of no less than 16.0 dBi and the aperture efficiency of more than 50% are obtained. The measured and simulated polarization tracking patterns agreed well
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