Scanning Optical Head with Nontilted Reference Beam: Assuring Nanoradian Accuracy for a New Generation Surface Profiler in the Large-Slope Testing Range

Nanoradian Surface Profilers (NSPs) are required for state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation optics and high-precision optical measurements. Nano-radian accuracy must be maintained in the large-angle test range. However, the beams' notable lateral motions during tests of most operating profilers, combined with the insufficiencies of their optical components, generate significant errors of ∼1 μrad rms in the measurements. The solution to nano-radian accuracy for the new generation of surface profilers in this range is to apply a scanning optical head, combined with nontilted reference beam. I describe here my comparison of different scan modes and discuss some test results

The Relationship Between Cognitive Dysfunction and Symptom Dimensions Across Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is considered a core feature among schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite abundant literature comparing cognitive dysfunction among these disorders, the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and symptom dimensions remains unclear. The study aims are a) to identify the factor structure of the BPRS-18 and b) to examine the relationship between symptom domains and cognitive function across SZ, BD, and MDD.Methods: A total of 716 participants [262 with SZ, 104 with BD, 101 with MDD, and 249 healthy controls (HC)] were included in the study. One hundred eighty participants (59 with SZ, 23 with BD, 24 with MDD, and 74 HC) completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and 507 participants (85 with SZ, 89 with BD, 90 with MDD, and 243 HC) completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). All patients completed the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Results: We identified five BPRS exploratory factor analysis (EFA) factors (“affective symptoms,” “psychosis,” “negative/disorganized symptoms,” “activation,” and “noncooperation”) and found cognitive dysfunction in all of the participant groups with psychiatric disorders. Negative/disorganized symptoms were the most strongly associated with cognitive dysfunctions across SZ, BD, and MDD.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction severity relates to the negative/disorganized symptom domain across SZ, BD, and MDD, and negative/disorganized symptoms may be an important target for effective cognitive remediation in SZ, BD, and MDD

To be published in Proceedings of this coilfereiice

Abstract. As requirements for surface slope error quality of grazing incidence optics approach the 100 nanoradian level, it is necessary to improve the performance of the measuring instruments to achieve accurate and repeatable rqsults at this level. We have identified a number of internal error sources in the Long Trace Profiler (LTP) that affect measurement quality at this level. The LTP is sensitive to phase shifts produced withm the millimeter diameter of the pencil beam probe by optical path irregularities with scale lengths of a &action of a millimeter. We examine the effects of mirror surface "macroroughness" and internal glass homogeneity on the accuracy of the LTP through experiment and theoretical modeling. We will place limits on the allowable surface "macroroughness" and glass homogeneity required to achieve accurate measurements in the nanoradian range

A Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Random Vector Functional-Link Neural Network

The random vector functional link (RVFL) network is suitable for solving nonlinear problems from transformer fault symptoms and different fault types due to its simple structure and strong generalization ability. However, the RVFL network has a disadvantage in that the network structure, and parameters are basically determined by experiences. In this paper, we proposed a method to improve the RVFL neural network algorithm by introducing the concept of hidden node sensitivity, classify each hidden layer node, and remove nodes with low sensitivity. The simplified network structure could avoid interfering nodes and improve the global search capability. The five characteristic gases produced by transformer faults are divided into two groups. A fault diagnosis model of three layers with four classifiers was built. We also investigated the effects of the number of hidden nodes and scale factors on RVFL network learning ability. Simulation results show that the number of implicit layer nodes has a large impact on the network model when the number of input dimensions is small. The network requires a higher number of implicit layer neurons and a smaller threshold range. The size of the scale factor has significant influence on the network model with larger input dimension. This paper describes the theoretical basis for parameter selection in RVFL neural networks. The theoretical basis for the selection of the number of hidden nodes, and the scale factor is derived. The importance of parameter selection for the improvement of diagnostic accuracy is verified through simulation experiments in transformer fault diagnosis

Bioaccumulation and Growth Characteristics of Vallisneria Natans (Lour.) Hara After Chronic Exposure to Metal-Contaminated Sediments

Metal-contaminated sediments in lakes is a global concern that poses toxicological risk to aquatic organisms. This study performed bioassays using the submerged macrophyte, Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara, exposed to contaminated sediments collected from five locations in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan, China. Among the sediments collected, Igeo showed enrichment of As and Cd in Dianchi Lake sediments. In spite of enriched toxic metals at some locations, laboratory bioassays found no significant difference in leaf biomass or leaf photosynthesis rate between the sites. Root biomass and root activity showed significant differences between locations and were negatively correlated with the concentration of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in sediment but not related to Cr. The above correlations were strongest for Hg and As, respectively. Accumulation of Cd and Pb to leaves of bioassay plants was observed, but this was not evident for As and Cr. Overall, the results indicate that V. natans can be used as a bioassay organism and measures of root toxicity are sensitive to metal concentrations present in Dianchi Lake sediments. Furthermore, the study species holds promise for use as a biomonitor of Cd and Pb sediment metal content