Similarities and differences of functional connectivity in drug-naïve, first-episode adolescent and young adult with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are considered two distinct psychiatric disorders. Yet, they have considerable overlap in symptomatology and clinical features, particularly in the initial phases of illness. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) appear to have critical roles in these disorders; however, abnormalities appear to manifest differently. In our study forty-nine drug-naïve, first-episode MDD, 45 drug-naïve, first-episode SZ, and 50 healthy control (HC) participants from 13 to 30 years old underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Functional connectivity (FC) between the amygdala and PFC was compared among the three groups. Significant differences in FC were observed between the amygdala and ventral PFC (VPFC), dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), and dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC) among the three groups. Further analyses demonstrated that MDD showed decreased amygdala-VPFC FC and SZ had reductions in amygdala-dACC FC. Both the diagnostic groups had significantly decreased amygdala-DLPFC FC. These indicate abnormalities in amygdala-PFC FC and further support the importance of the interaction between the amygdala and PFC in adolescents and young adults with these disorders. Additionally, the alterations in amygdala-PFC FC may underlie the initial similarities observed between MDD and SZ and suggest potential markers of differentiation between the disorders at first onset

An integrated geophysical approach for investigating hydro-geological characteristics of a debris landslide in the Wenchuan Earthquake area

Debris landslides are one of the most widely distributed types of landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The hydro-geological structure characteristics are the fundamental basis for stability evaluation, performing protection and administration of a landslide. The rock and soil mass of a debris landslide was highly non-uniform and preferential seepage paths were normally developed in it. Therefore, in situ identification of the underground water seepage system became particularly important. Recently, investigations on the seepage paths of underground water in debris landslides were restricted to indoor model testing and site observation, which were far from meeting the actual demand for landslide prevention and mitigation. To locate the seepage paths, we conducted survey work on a debris landslide seated in the Xishan Village, Li County, Sichuan Province, China, by combing four different geophysical methods. They were multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and microtremor survey method (MSM). The geophysical interpretation was verified with field engineering surveys and monitoring data. The results suggested that a dendritic pipe-network seepage system usually developed in debris landslides. Varisized infiltration pipes showed the characteristics of inhomogeneity and concentration of the seepage. This work highlighted that geophysical parameters (shear wave velocity Vs, dielectric constant ε and resistivity value ρ) could provide reliable qualitative and quantitative information about the colluvial layer, bedrock interface, potential sliding surface and underground water seepage system of a landslide. The optimum combination of geophysical methods was suitable to survey the hydro-geological characteristics of debris landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area

Droplet impact on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature: A lattice Boltzmann study

Recently a droplet was observed to form a pancake shape and bounce as it impacted nanotube or micropost surfaces above the Leidenfrost temperature. This led to a significant reduction in droplet contact time. However, this unique bouncing phenomenon is still not fully understood, such as the influence of the plate configuration and the relationship between the droplet rebound time and evaporation mass loss. In this study, we carry out a numerical study of the droplet impact dynamics on a heated porous plate above the Leidenfrost temperature, using a multiphase thermal lattice Boltzmann model. Our model is constructed within the unified lattice Boltzmann method (ULBM) framework and is firstly validated based on theoretical and experimental results. Then, a comprehensive parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of the impact Weber number, the plate temperature and the plate configurations on the droplet bouncing dynamics. Results show that higher plate temperature, larger Weber number, and smaller pore intervals can accelerate the droplet rebound and promote the droplet pancake bouncing. We demonstrate that the occurrence of the pancake bouncing is attributed to the additional lift force provided by the vapour pressure due to the evaporation of liquid inside the pores. Moreover, the droplet maximum spreading time and maximum spreading factor can be described by a power law function of the impact Weber number. The droplet evaporation mass loss increases linearly with the impingement Weber number and the plate opening fractions

Nature of X(3872)X(3872) in B0→K0X(3872)B^0 \to K^0 X(3872) and B+→K+X(3872)B^+ \to K^+ X(3872) decays

We investigate the decays of $B^0 \to K^0 X(3872)$ and $B^+ \to K^+ X(3872)$ based on the picture where the $X(3872)$ resonance is strongly coupled to the $D\bar{D}^* + c.c.$ channel. In addition to the decay mechanism where the $X(3872)$ resonance is formed from the $c\bar{c}$ pair hadronization with the short-distance interaction, we have also considered the $D\bar{D}^*$ rescattering diagrams in the long-distance scale, where $D$ and $\bar{D}^*$ are formed from $c$ and $\bar{c}$ separately. Because of the difference of the mass thresholds of charged and neutral $D\bar{D}^*$ channels, and the rather narrow width of the $X(3872)$ resonance, at the $X(3872)$ mass, the loop functions of $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ and $D^+\bar{D}^{*-}$ are much different. Taking this difference into account, the ratio of $\mathcal{B}[B^0\to K^0X(3872)]/\mathcal{B}[B^+ \to K^+ X(3872)] \simeq 0.5$ can be naturally obtained. Based on this result, we also evaluate the decay widths of $B_s^0 \to \eta(\eta') X(3872)$. It is expected that future experimental measurements of these decays can be used to elucidate the nature of the $X(3872)$ resonance.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

4-(Imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid

In the title mol­ecule, C10H8N2O2, the imidazole and benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 14.5 (1)°. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains extending in [01], which are further linked into sheets parallel to (102) through weak C—H⋯O inter­actions