Isolation and Characterization of Equine Influenza Viruses (H3N8) from China, 2010~2011

Two equine influenza virus (EIV) strains were isolated during two restricted outbreaks from Heilongjiang Province, China in 2010 and 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of HA1 (hemagglutinin 1) gene revealed that the isolates belonged to Florida 2 sublineage of American lineage. Further analysis of the putative antigenic sites located in HA1 subunit protein revealed each isolate had a unique amino acid change. Analysis of antigenic sites between Chinese EIV and vaccine strains indicated equine influenza (EI) vaccines containing Richmond/1/07-like antigen seemed to have an optimum effect in China. Meanwhile, the Ohio/03 vaccine strain contained in updated ProteqFlu had the most closely genetically relationship with recent EIV isolates in China. China has not its own commercially available EI vaccine and most horses are still unvaccinated. Therefore, to monitor antigenic variation of circulating EIVs and give considerable suggestions on selection of vaccine candidate plays an important role in preventing and controlling EIV in China

Direct Electrochemistry of GOD on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Mesoporous Carbon

使用简单的方法将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定在介孔碳(Mesoporous Carbon)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)表面.循环伏安测试表明:修饰电极上的GOD在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)(pH=7.1)中发生了准可逆的氧化还原反应,其克式量电位为-0.4294 V,并且该电化学反应包含有两电子两质子的传递.在氮气饱和的情况下,以羧基二茂铁作为电子传递中介体,GOD能将葡萄糖彻底催化氧化,可见介孔碳修饰电极上的GOD保持了其生物学活性.Glucose oxidase(GOD) is immobilized on glassy carbon electrode mesoporous carbon by simple method.Cyclic voltammetric results indicated that on GOD of the modified electrode a quasi-reversible redox reaction took place(GCE) surface modified at a formal potential of-0.4294 V in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution(PBS)(pH 7.1).The electrochemical reaction consisted of a two-electron transfer coupled with a two-proton transfer.The GOD can completely catalyze oxidation of glucose via electron transfer intermedia of ferrocene monocarboxylic acid(FMCA) in saturated solutions with N2.The bioactivity of GOD on the modified electrode with mesoporous carbon was obviously unattacked.作者联系地址：中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 吉林长春130022,长春工程学院,吉林长春130021,吉林长春130022,吉林长春130022Author's Address: 1.Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China;2.Changchun Institute of Technology,Changchun 130021,Jilin,Chin

Research progress in radiation resistance of polymeric materials

The radiation aging effects of polymer materials, including radiation crosslinking and radiation pyrolysis, and the effects of high-energy irradiation on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material were introduced. The ways to improve the radiation resistance of materials were summarized with 33 references from the aspects of material selection and additives. It was expected that polymer materials could better meet the application requirements in the nuclear field

Design and Simulation of a Double Potential Well Flat Ion Trap

A double potential well flat ion trap was designed as an ion accumulating and focusing device for multi-reflection time-of-flight mass analyzer. Two potential wells of the trap were severally used for accumulation of injected ions, controlled cooling and ejection of trapped ions, which had features to accumulate ions continuously and cool ion for almost one period. While a flat ion trap with only one potential well is a traditional and excellent ion accumulating and focusing device, which has an intermittent ion accumulation and an ion cooling around half period. Compared with the single potential well flat ion trap, the double potential well flat ion trap had better performance on ion accumulation and focusing in principle. Four steps to run the trap were simulated and researched by an ion optics simulator of SIMION 8.1. The first step was ion accumulation, ions were successively injected into the trap, and then stored and accumulated in the first potential well. The second step was ion transfer, the trapped ions were transferred from the first potential well to the second potential well. The third step was ion cooling, the trapped ions were confined in the second potential well, and were simultaneously cooled by collisions with 0.5 Pa He. The fourth step was ion ejection, the trapped ions were ejected from the trap and focused into the next device. Ion optics simulations indicated that the trap had a period from 1 ms to above 10 ms, a total ion transmission efficiency of 83%, and an ion flux of at most 1.6×106 ions. In addition, ion packets ejected from the trap had thermalized with radial diameters of 1.0 and 1.0 mm, angular standard deviations of 24 mrad and 16 mrad, and an energy standard deviation of 15 eV. This trap can be coupled with and provide high-flux and full-focusing ion packets for multi-reflection time-of-flight mass analyzers, due to an excellent suitability between the operation of the analyzer and the period, the ion transmission efficiency, the ion flux, and ejected ion packets of the trap

响应面优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助 酶法脱胶工艺研究Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming process of fragrant rapeseed oil by response surface methodology

为了优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶工艺，以浓香菜籽原油为原料，以磷脂含量为考察指标，通过单因素试验探究酶添加量、反应时间、反应温度、pH、水添加量以及超声功率对浓香菜籽油脱胶效果的影响。在此基础上，利用响应面法优化浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶工艺。同时，对传统酶法脱胶与超声辅助酶法脱胶的脱胶效果进行了对比。结果表明：浓香菜籽油超声辅助酶法脱胶最优工艺条件为酶添加量45 mg/kg、反应时间3 h、反应温度55 ℃、pH 5.0、水添加量2.5%、超声功率490 W，在此条件下浓香菜籽油的磷脂含量为0.05 mg/g，脱胶率可达99.4%；超声辅助酶法脱胶效果优于传统酶法脱胶。可见，超声辅助酶法脱胶是一种较为高效的油脂脱胶方法。 In order to optimize the process of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming of fragrant rapeseed oil, with the fragrant rapeseed crude oil as the raw material and phospholipid content as index, the effects of enzyme dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, pH, water dosage and ultrasonic power on the degumming effect of fragrant rapeseed oil were investigated by single factor experiment. On this basis, the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming process of fragrant rapeseed oil was optimized by response surface methodology. At the same time, the degumming effect of the traditional enzyme method was compared with that of the ultrasound-assisted enzyme method. The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming of fragrant rapeseed oil conditions were determined as follows: enzyme dosage 45 mg/kg, reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 55 ℃, pH 5.0, water dosage 2.5% and ultrasonic power 490 W. Under such conditions, the phospholipid content in fragrant rapeseed oil was 0.05 mg/g and the degumming rate could reach 99.4%,and the degumming effect of ultrasound-assisted enzyme method was better than that of traditional enzyme method. In conclusion, the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic degumming is a relatively efficient oil degumming method

Protective effect of optic radiation reconstruction against the risk of visual field deficits in anterior temporal lobectomy

Objective To explore the clinical value of optic radiation reconstruction in protecting against visual field deficits (VFDs) in anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 24 patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing ATL between January 2013 and June 2014. The surgical operations were aided by combining optic radiation reconstruction by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), microscopy-based neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI (iMRI) techniques. ATL was performed according to the distance between Meyer's loop and temporal pole. The visual fields were examined and seizure outcomes were evaluated by Engel class test in 3-month follow-up. Results The optic radiation was reconstructed in all patients. No bleeding was found in operative site or distant site by iMRI scan. The size of removed temporal lobe was 3.29 cm (1.90-5.10 cm). Visual field testing 3 months after operation showed no VFDs in 16 cases (66.67%) and mild VFDs (&lt; 1/4 quadrant) in 8 cases (33.33% ). One case suffered mild VFD before operation, but did not aggravate after operation. Engel class test showed Engel classⅠin 19 patients (79.17%), class Ⅱ in 4 patients (16.67%) and class Ⅲ in one patient (4.17%). Conclusions For patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, the techniques of combining optic radiation reconstruction, microscopy-based euronavigation and iMRI aided in precise mapping could reduce the risk of visual field deficits in anterior temporal lobectomy.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.09.005 </p

Retrieving groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River by NDVI

The changes of the coverage of vegetation and groundwater depth during the period of ecological construction and environmental protection are the most important two indicators of the level of success in ecological water transportation project in lower reaches of Tarim River.In this study, a new way to predict the groundwater depth in the arid regions has been presented. The spatial and temporal change of vegetation states in lower reaches of Tarim River under the ecological water transpiration have been discussed by using NDVI data derived from SPOT VEGETATION (VGT) NDVI S10 time sequence image data for the year 1999, 2003 and 2006. It is found that the groundwater depth played a dominant role in determining vegetation growth status in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. After the ecological water transportation, the vegetation has been restored in both sides of the watercourse stretching to Taitema Lake, which extend to 3 km in Akedun section, but decline along the stream flow as 1km in Kaogan section. However the area, which is 3km to 15km away from watercourse, has not been influenced obviously. And the area far away (excess 15km) has no influence. Statistic analysis shows that the groundwater depth has negative relationship with NDVI. And the groundwater depth in lower reaches of Tarim River has been successfully inversed through the statistic method; the simulation precision is 75%. &copy; 2008 SPIE. (29 refs.