Research on Thomas Wade\u27s view about the style of Chinese : based on his Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi

Along with the missionaries’ coming into China, diplomatic officials and merchants also poured into China. Out of the needs of work and life, these people compiled many textbooks and dictionaries to learn Chinese. Thomas Francis Wade (1818-1895) is an outstanding diplomat who came to China in 19th centenary and made brilliant contribution to the research of Chinese language. This paper focused on Wade’s most important textbook, Yü-yen Tzŭ-êrh Chi, analyzed his view about the style of Chinese language. Wade agreed with Edkins’s opinion of dividing Mandarin language into three kinds, and emphasized the importance of Peking Mandarin. He formulated the Wade-Giles Romanization system for Chinese and analyzed the structure of Chinese character. Moreover, he realized that the parts of speech of Chinese language are very flexible, and also gave a deep analyzation of the implied meaning of Chinese words. In a word, Wade’s analysis of Chinese language was relatively scientific and of great value to the research of Chinese language, further study about his view is still required

Optimization-Based Peptide Mass Fingerprinting for Protein Mixture Identification

*Motivation:* In current proteome research, peptide sequencing is probably the most widely used method for protein mixture identification. However, this peptide-centric method has its own disadvantages such as the immense volume of tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS) data for sequencing peptides. With the fast development of technology, it is possible to investigate other alternative techniques. Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) has been widely used to identify single purified proteins for more than 15 years. Unfortunately, this technique is less accurate than peptide sequencing method and cannot handle protein mixtures, which hampers the widespread use of PMF technique. If we can remove these limitations, PMF will become a useful tool in protein mixture identification. 
*Results:* We first formulate the problem of PMF protein mixture identification as an optimization problem. Then, we show that the use of some simple heuristics enables us to find good solutions. As a result, we obtain much better identification results than previous methods. Moreover, the result on real MS data can be comparable with that of the peptide sequencing method. Through a comprehensive simulation study, we identify a set of limiting factors that hinder the performance of PMF method in protein mixtures. We argue that it is feasible to remove these limitations and PMF can be a powerful tool in the analysis of protein mixtures

Parametric kinds of generalized Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials and their properties

The purpose of this paper is to define generalized Apostol--Bernoulli polynomials with including a new cosine and sine parametric type of generating function using the quasi-monomiality properties and trigonometric functions. In this study, the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials with three variable are defined with two new generating functions cosine and sine parameters. Then, we investigate multiplicative and derivative operators, diffrential equations, some summation formulas and partial differential equations for these polynomials. Moreover, we introduce Gould--Hopper--Apostol--Bernoulli type polynomials, Hermite--Appell--Apostol--Bernoulli type polynomials and truncated exponential Apostol--Bernoulli type polynomials. Finally, the special cases of these new polynomials are investigated, and the corresponding results are expressed.Comment: 16 page

Oxytocin is implicated in social memory deficits induced by early sensory deprivation in mice

Acknowledgements We thank Miss Jia-Yin and Miss Yu-Ling Sun for their help in breading the mice. Funding This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81200933 to N.-N. Song; 81200692 to L. Chen; 81101026 to Y. Huang; 31528011 to B. Lang; 81221001, 91232724 and 81571332 to Y-Q. Ding), Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ13C090004 to C. Zhang), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016 M591714 to C.-C. Qi), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013KJ049).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Coevolution of synchronous activity and connectivity in coupled chaotic oscillators

We investigate the coevolution dynamics of node activities and coupling strengths in coupled chaotic oscillators via a simple threshold adaptive scheme. The coupling strength is synchronous activity regulated, which in turn is able to boost the synchronization remarkably. In the case of weak coupling, the globally coupled oscillators present a highly clustered functional connectivity with a power-law distribution in the tail with γ≃3.1, while for strong coupling, they self-organize into a network with a heterogeneously rich connectivity at the onset of synchronization but exhibit rather sparse structure to maintain the synchronization in noisy environment. The relevance of the results is briefly discussed