Non-parametric accelerated life testing estimation for fuzzy life times under fuzzy stress levels

Uncompleted developments in the fields of measurement sciences are categorically agreed on the fact that measurements obtained from continuous phenomena cannot be measured precisely. Therefore, these measurements cannot be considered precise numbers but are nonprecise or fuzzy. For this purpose, it is compulsion of the time that such estimators need to be developed to cover both the uncertainties. The classical accelerated life testing (ALT) approaches are based on precise life times and precise stress levels, but in fact, these are not precise numbers but fuzzy. In this study, the nonparametric procedure of ALT is generalized in such a manner that in addition to random variation, fuzziness of the lifetime observations and stress levels are integrated in the developed estimators. The developed generalized nonparametric estimators for accelerated life time analysis utilize all the obtainable information that is present in the form of fuzziness in single observations and random variation among the observations to make suitable inferences. On the other hand, classical estimators only deal with random variation, which is a strong reason to conclude that the developed estimators should be preferred over classical estimators

Political Federations are One of the Main Causes of Increasing Level of Anxiety among the University Students

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Association between the Education and Thalassaemia: A Statistical Study

This article comprises the questionnaire/interview survey of 320 patients and their parent’s conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan to study the literacy of thalassaemia among parents and the severity of thalassaemia on different social aspects. Parent’s educations were strongly linked to cure that disease specially the test (during pregnancy). The majority of parent’s were illiterate and were also against the family planning. Inter family marriages was also one of the main reason of the disease among these patient’s. 56.9% of the patient parents were first cousins while only 1.3% of the patients were matriculate. In the social factors, their average family income was very less as compared to the family members and the expenditure of the treatment. It was also found that the disease was more common in positive blood groups. To coup with the situation, efforts to increase the literacy rate and awareness of the disease are urgently required

Conducting Surveys and Data Collection: From Traditional to Mobile and SMS-based Surveys

Fresh, bias-free and valid data collected using different survey modes is considered an essential requirement for smooth functioning and evolution of an organization. Surveys play a major role in making in-time correct decisions and generating reports. The aim of this study is to compare and investigate state-of-the-art in different survey modes including print, email, online, mobile and SMS-based surveys. Results indicated that existing methods are neither complete nor sufficient to fulfil the overall requirements of an organization which primarily rely on surveys. Also, it shows that SMS is a dominant method for data collection due to its pervasiveness. However, existing SMS-based data collection has limitations like limited number of characters per SMS, single question per SMS and lake of multimedia support. Recent trends in data collection emphasis on data collection applications for smart phones. However, in developing countries low-end mobile devices are still extensively used which makes the data collection difficult from man in the street. The paper conclude that existing survey modes and methods should be improved to get maximum responses quickly in low cost manner. The study has contributed to the area of surveying and data collection by analysing different factors such as cost, time and response rate. The results of this study can help practitioners in creating a more successful surveying method for data collection that can be effectively used for low budget projects in developed as well as developing countries

Estimation of health-related quality of life in the presence of missing Values in EQ-5D

One of the notes worthy problems in analysis of clinical and observational studies is missing data and nonresponse from patients. Turning a blind eye to the missing behavior may provide biased results with overestimated standard errors. The potential impact of the problem may even have more severe impression in estimating health-related quality of life index. This index is an important indicator, widely used in clinical trials for assessing effectiveness of available interventions. Amongst many available measures for estimation of the index, the most rising approach is the EQ-5D preference-based health classifier. This study suggests a cluster-based heuristic algorithm for imputation of missing values in the EQ-5D health classifier to overcome the said problem. The use of auxiliary variable and other dimension's values as evidences increases the chance of correct identification of the missing value and hence makes it unbiased. Comparisons of bootstrap samples suggest that it overcomes the problem of standard errors and provides efficient estimates.Scopu