Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT Black Hole Tunnelling Radiation

The tunnelling process always occur nearby the event horizon of the black hole. In this paper, we investigate the tunnelling radiation in the background of the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole. The new coordinate system for Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT is introduced, which helps us to form new line element. This line element helps us to show that new coordinate is exhaustively acted at event horizon. With the help of conservation of angular momentum, self gravitational effect and energy, we will show that Hawking's radiation is not exclusively thermal.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure

In vitro susceptibility of typhoidal Salmonellae against newer antimicrobial agents: a search for alternate treatment options

OBJECTIVES: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone, azithromycin, pefloxacin, cefipime and imipenem for Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) and Paratyphi. METHODS: One hundred and fifty four isolates of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, B and C growing in blood culture were selected. MICs of ceftriaxone, azithromycin, pefloxacin, cefipime and imipenem were performed by agar dilution method as recommended by clinical laboratory standard institutes. RESULTS: MIC90 of azithromycin and pefloxacin was 8 microg/ml, cefipime was 0.06 microg/ml and imipenem was 0.5 microg/ml. None of the strains were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone but 3 isolates showed higher MIC value of 2 microg/ml. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin appears a suitable alternate for the treatment of typhoid in the community. Imipenem and cefipime are good options in complicated cases to be treated in hospital settings. Pefloxacin cannot be used as MICs are higher. Presence of isolates with higher MIC of ceftriaxone is serious and stresses upon continuous laboratory surveillance to guide clinicians appropriately

Comparison of chromogenic urinary tract infection medium with cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient media in a resource limited setting

OBJECTIVES: To compare the chromogenic UTI medium (CUM) with cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium (CLED) in terms of isolation of uropathogens, turnaround time and cost. METHODS: A total of 251 urine samples were selected and inoculated on both CLED and CUM, growth was observed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation. Isolates were identified by colony\u27s colour and biochemical tests. Turnaround time for identification and cost was calculated till final identification of microorganisms. RESULTS: A discrepancy in isolation was observed in seven samples with growth on CUM in 24 hours while in 48 hours on CLED. There was 100% agreement in identification by both media. Almost 50% samples were identified within 24 hours by using CUM in contrast to CLED where most samples were identified in 48 hours. Total number of reagents used and total cost for processing of a specimen including technologist and consultant time by using CUM is significantly low in comparison to CLED. CONCLUSION: CUM can replace CLED as a primary isolation media for urine culture in clinical laboratories in Pakistan as it is user friendly, facilitates early reporting and saves cost

Mixed salmonella infection: a case series from Pakistan

Enteric fever remains a major health problem in the developing world, including Pakistan. Poor sanitation and hygienic conditions are the major predisposing factors. Salmonella infection with different strains in the same patient has rarely been reported previously. We are reporting two cases of bacteraemia with simultaneous detection of two strains of Salmonella in a single episode of infection. In both the cases, 2 different serotypes of Salmonella were causing bacteraemia leading to fever. In highly endemic area, one must be aware of mixed Salmonella infections as inappropriate diagnosis of such infections may lead to treatment failure

Human linker histones: interplay between phosphorylation and O-β-GlcNAc to mediate chromatin structural modifications

Eukaryotic chromatin is a combination of DNA and histone proteins. It is established fact that epigenetic mechanisms are associated with DNA and histones. Initial studies emphasize on core histones association with DNA, however later studies prove the importance of linker histone H1 epigenetic. There are many types of linker histone H1 found in mammals. These subtypes are cell specific and their amount in different types of cells varies as the cell functions. Many types of post-translational modifications which occur on different residues in each subtype of linker histone H1 induce conformational changes and allow the different subtypes of linker histone H1 to interact with chromatin at different stages during cell cycle which results in the regulation of transcription and gene expression. Proposed O-glycosylation of linker histone H1 promotes condensation of chromatin while phosphorylation of linker histone H1 is known to activate transcription and gene regulation by decondensation of chromatin. Interplay between phosphorylation and O-β-GlcNAc modification on Ser and Thr residues in each subtype of linker histone H1 in Homo sapiens during cell cycle may result in diverse functional regulation of proteins. This in silico study describes the potential phosphorylation, o-glycosylation and their possible interplay sites on conserved Ser/Thr residues in various subtypes of linker histone H1 in Homo sapiens

Adjunctive rifampicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (ARREST): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is a common cause of severe community-acquired and hospital-acquired infection worldwide. We tested the hypothesis that adjunctive rifampicin would reduce bacteriologically confirmed treatment failure or disease recurrence, or death, by enhancing early S aureus killing, sterilising infected foci and blood faster, and reducing risks of dissemination and metastatic infection. METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults (≥18 years) with S aureus bacteraemia who had received ≤96 h of active antibiotic therapy were recruited from 29 UK hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequential randomisation list to receive 2 weeks of adjunctive rifampicin (600 mg or 900 mg per day according to weight, oral or intravenous) versus identical placebo, together with standard antibiotic therapy. Randomisation was stratified by centre. Patients, investigators, and those caring for the patients were masked to group allocation. The primary outcome was time to bacteriologically confirmed treatment failure or disease recurrence, or death (all-cause), from randomisation to 12 weeks, adjudicated by an independent review committee masked to the treatment. Analysis was intention to treat. This trial was registered, number ISRCTN37666216, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS: Between Dec 10, 2012, and Oct 25, 2016, 758 eligible participants were randomly assigned: 370 to rifampicin and 388 to placebo. 485 (64%) participants had community-acquired S aureus infections, and 132 (17%) had nosocomial S aureus infections. 47 (6%) had meticillin-resistant infections. 301 (40%) participants had an initial deep infection focus. Standard antibiotics were given for 29 (IQR 18-45) days; 619 (82%) participants received flucloxacillin. By week 12, 62 (17%) of participants who received rifampicin versus 71 (18%) who received placebo experienced treatment failure or disease recurrence, or died (absolute risk difference -1·4%, 95% CI -7·0 to 4·3; hazard ratio 0·96, 0·68-1·35, p=0·81). From randomisation to 12 weeks, no evidence of differences in serious (p=0·17) or grade 3-4 (p=0·36) adverse events were observed; however, 63 (17%) participants in the rifampicin group versus 39 (10%) in the placebo group had antibiotic or trial drug-modifying adverse events (p=0·004), and 24 (6%) versus six (2%) had drug interactions (p=0·0005). INTERPRETATION: Adjunctive rifampicin provided no overall benefit over standard antibiotic therapy in adults with S aureus bacteraemia. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment

Mediating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: An empirical evidence from Hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan: Dr. Rizwan Qaiser Danish, Amna Gohar, Dr. Ashfaq Ahmad, Saba Shaukat

The basic purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention in the presence of mediating variable of work engagement in hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire which was distributed among public and private hospital nurses holding positions of nurse or head nurse. The sample size was 270. SPSS and AMOS software was used for demographic and inferential analysis. Results conclude that job satisfaction with determinants of JS (pay, promotion, nature of job etc.) have negative relationship with turnover intention. Results also showed that work engagement has partial mediating role in the relationship of job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study mainly focused on service sector (hospitals) in Lahore. So the results are limited to only service sector which narrow down its generalizability. Current study is cross sectional and longitudinal study is recommended to generalize results. The survey data was collected from nurses of one city that is Lahore it required to do similar research on other cities of Punjab. Various studies in literature have explored relationships among different variables of organizational behavior rather than explaining any other mechanism; they have focused much on their relationships but less on mediating relationship of work engagement

Lipid Storage Diseases- A Clinico-haematological Study

Background: To study the clinico- haematologicalprofile of lipid storage disorders in pediatric age group onbone marrow examination.Methods: In this descriptive study, clinicohaematologicalprofile of patients with lipid storagediseases in 1147 patients who underwent bone marrowexamination, was studied.Results: A total number of 20 cases of lipid storagedisease were diagnosed. The mean age was 2 yrs.Thirteen(69%) were male , with a male to female ratio of2.2:1. Ten (50%) cases presented with severe symptoms.Hepatosplenomegaly was present in majority(75%).Failure to thrive was the commonest clinical presentation.Pancytopenia was seen in 80%.Conclusion: Niemann-Pick disease 65%) was thecommonest, followed by Gaucher’s Disease (35%)

High rate of non-susceptibility to metronidazole and clindamycin in anaerobic isolates: data from a clinical laboratory from Karachi, Pakistan

Due to increasing resistance amongst anaerobic pathogens periodic surveillance of resistance has been recommended in regional/local settings. Anaerobic antimicrobial susceptibility testing is not routinely performed in many laboratories in Pakistan, hence absence of local data may lead to inappropriate empirical therapy in serious cases. 121 clinically significant anaerobic strains (26/121; 21% bacteremic isolates) were isolated and saved from 2010 to 2011. Susceptibility testing against metronidazole, clindamycin, co-amoxiclav, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, linezolid and gatifloxacin was performed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). A high proportion of non-susceptible strains to metronidazole (10% of 121 isolates) and clindamycin (12% of 121 isolates) was seen, most noticeable in Bacteroides fragilis. Three Bacteroides species strains were non-susceptible to both metronidazole and clindamycin. One strain of Clostridium species was fully resistant to metronidazole and had intermediate resistance to clindamycin. No resistance to any of the other tested antibiotics was seen. Resistance to metronidazole was higher in bacteremic vs. non bacteremic isolates (p = value 0.07). In our setting where there is a high usage of empirical metronidazole and clindamycin for the treatment of serious anaerobic infections clinicians should be aware of increased resistance to these agents. Periodic surveillance of resistance to anti-anaerobic drugs especially metronidazole and clindamycin should be performed to generate antibiogram and guide appropriate empiric therapy