Cryptosporidium spp. (Tyzzer, 1907) e Giardia spp. (Leeuwenhoek, 1681) em mamíferos silvestres do estado do Pará, Brasil.

As enteroparasitoses zoonóticas representam importante problema de saúde pública, ao qual espécies de protozoários como Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. podem atingir elevadas frequências em regiões em que as condições de saneamento básico são precárias, promovendo surtos de diarreia em animais domésticos, homens e animais silvestres. Esses agentes são protozoários de fácil transmissão que apresentam diversas espécies patogênicas para vários tipos de hospedeiros. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em diversas espécies de mamíferos silvestres no Estado do Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Amostras fecais de 140 animais distintos (seis de vida livre e 134 de cativeiros) foram coletadas em seis municípios do Estado do Pará. Para pesquisa de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., foram utilizados os métodos direto e Kinyoun, respectivamente, e um teste imunológico comercial (RIDA®QUICK Cryptosporidium/Giardia/Entamoeba Combi N1722) para detecção de antígenos de ambos os parasitas. Cryptosporidium spp. foi detectado em 9,28% (13/140) das amostras, sendo dois de animais de vida livre e 11 de cativeiros. Giardia spp. foi encontrada em 10% (14/140) das amostras, sendo um de animal de vida livre e 13 de cativeiros. Apenas um animal apresentou infecção concomitante para os agentes. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que há ocorrência do Cryptosporidium spp. e da Giardia spp. em mamíferos silvestres na região amazônica correspondente ao Estado do Pará, possivelmente participando como mantenedores e disseminadores dos agentes infecciosos para o meio ambiente e outros hospedeiros, destacando-se que pouco se sabe sobre o verdadeiro papel desses mamíferos na disseminação como também na manutenção de tais agentes zoonóticos.Zoonotic enteric parasits have been a huge problem in public health, due to the presence of high and frequent levels of protozoa as Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. noticed in regions where basic sanitation are precarious, causing outbreaks of diarrhea in human beings, wild and domestic animals. These infective agents are protozoa that present several pathogenic species easily transmited to many types of hosts. The present survey objective was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in several species of wild mammals in the State of Pará, Amazonia, Brasil. Samples of feces from 140 indicidual wild animals (six in their natural habitat and 134 raised in captivity) were collected in six different rural municipalities in the State of Pará. The research for Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp., were respectively done through direct and Kinyoun methods besides the routine immunological exams (RIDA®QUICK Cryptosporidium/Giardia/Entamoeba Combi N1722) under the proposal to detect antigens for both parasites. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 9,28% (13/140) of the samples, being present in two samples from animals in their natural habitat and 11 in captivity. Giardia spp. was present in 10% (14/140) of the samples, being present in one animal in their natural habitat and 13 raised in captivity. Only one animal was infected by both protozoa at the same time. The results indicate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in wild mammals in the Amazon region in the State of Pará, possibly taking place as keepers and as disseminators of these infective agents to the environment and to some other hosts, what shows that the real contribution of these mammals on the dissemination and also maintenance of these cited zoonotic infective agents, have not been clearly known

Ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em cães da área metropolitana de Belém, Pará.

Ministério da Educação e Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaAs doenças parasitárias são de ocorrência freqüente tanto em animais quanto no homem e muitas possuem potencial zoonótico. Um aspecto relevante que deve ser ressaltado é que a relação entre o homem e animal vem se tornando cada vez mais próxima, principalmente em relação aos animais de companhia, podendo favorecer as zoonoses. Dentre as doenças zoonóticas, a criptosporidiose é considerada como uma enteroparasitose emergente de importância epidemiológica. O agente Cryptosporidium spp., é um protozoário de fácil transmissão, com diversas espécies patogênicas para vários tipos de hospedeiros entre animais domésticos, silvestres e o homem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em cães domiciliados e errantes da região Metropolitana da cidade de Belém, PA, e sua associação com a faixa etária e o sexo dos animais, assim como também buscou-se comparar as duas técnicas de diagnóstico empregadas. Foram coletadas amostras fecais de 150 animais sem quando diarréico, sendo 100 amostras dos cães domiciliados coletadas pelos proprietários em suas residências e 11 amostras de cães domiciliados atendidos em uma clínica veterinária particular localizada no Centro da cidade de Belém. As demais 39 amostras procederam de cães errantes capturados pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) dessa capital. O processamento laboratorial foi realizado no Setor de Parasitologia do Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, onde foram utilizadas duas técnicas de diagnóstico; Ziehl-Neelsen modificada (ZNm) e Teste de ELISA utilizando anticorpos monoclonais e policlonais frente ao antígeno dos oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. A ocorrência foi de 3,33% (5/150), sendo 3,6% (4/111) nos animais domiciliados e 2,56% (1/39) nos animais errantes. Não houve diferença estatística significativa com relação à procedência, à idade, o sexo e métodos de diagnósticos empregados. Os resultados permitiram caracterizar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp. em cães domiciliados e errantes de Belém, PA e que animais assintomáticos podem eliminar oocistos do agente servindo de fonte de infecção para outros animais, para o meio ambiente e também para o homem.Parasitic diseases are frequent in animais as well as in man and lots of those diseases possess a zoonotic potential. A relevant aspect that must be emphasized is the relation between man and animal which has become closer, mainly in pets, this can foment the zoonoses. Among the zoonoses, the cryptosporidiosis is considered as an emergent important epidemiological enteral desease. The agent Cryptosporidium spp., is a protozoa easily transmitted, this agent has different pathogenic species for different kinds of hosts, like pets, wild animais and the man. The main goal of this research was to avaluate the occurence of Cryptosporidium spp. in home and homeless dogs in the metropolitan área of Belém city, PA, and its association with the animais' age group and sex as well as it was also compared both techniques used to diagnosis. There were colected 150 faecal samples without diarrhea, from the 150 samples, 100 were colected by the owners of these dogs in their homes, and 11 were colected in a Veterinary Clinic, placed in Belém downtown. The other 39 samples were colected at Belém Zoonoses Center Control (CCZ) and belong to homeless animais. The laboratory processing was done at Parasitology Division from the Evandro Chagas Institute, in Ananindeua, PA, using two diagnosis different techniques; Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZNm) and test ELISA using monoclonal and poloclonal antibodies to the Cryptosporidium spp. Oocyst antigen. The ocurrency was 3,33% (5/150). In home dogs 3,6% (4/111) and in homeless dogs 2,56% (1/39). There was no statistics difference about the origin, age, sex and diagnosis method used. The result allowed to characterize the Cryptosporidium spp. occurence in home and homeless dogs of Belém, PA and also demonstrated that assymptomatic animais can eliminate Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts being source of infection to other animais, environment and also to the man

Cutaneous tumor-like lesions associated with infection by avipoxvirus in a Dendrocygna autumnalis

The fowlpox, also known as contagiosum epithelioma, is caused by a poxvirus of the genus Avipoxvirus and affects both domestic and wild birds. The disease has two forms cutaneous and diphtheria. In March 2008 the sector of rehabilitation of wild birds from Mangual das Garças Park, located in Belém, Pará attended a duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) that had nodular lesions in regions of the wing devoid of feathers. The lesions consisted of two large cutaneous tumor-like nodules that measured 4,2 x 3,8 cm and 2,8 x 2,2 cm in length and width, respectively. The nodules were surgically removed, fixed in 10% formalin, processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathology showed acanthosis and expressive hyperkeratosis, some cells showed spongiosis. The confirmatory diagnosis of fowlpox was established by the pathognomonic sign of the presence of large intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion corpuscles (Bollinger bodies) in epithelial cells. This is the first report of poxvirus infection in a wild bird in the State of Pará, Brazil.O setor de reabilitação de aves selvagens do Parque Mangual das Garças, localizado em Belém, Pará, recebeu um espécime de Marreca-cabocla (Dendrocygna autumnalis). O animal apresentava lesões nodulares em regiões desprovidas de penas na asa, que consistiam de dois grandes nódulos cutâneos de aspecto tumoral, que mediram 4,2 x 3,8 cm e 2,8 x 2,2 cm de comprimento e largura, respectivamente. Os nódulos foram removidos cirurgicamente, fixados em formol a 10%, e as amostras foram processadas para histopatologia, coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina. Na análise histopatológica, observaram-se acantose e expressiva hiperceratose; várias células mostraram espongiose. O diagnóstico da bouba foi estabelecido pelo sinal patognomônico da presença de grandes corpúsculos de inclusão eosinofílicos intracitoplasmáticos (corpúsculos de Bollinger) nas células epiteliais da lesão tumoral. Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por poxvírus em ave selvagen no Estado do Pará, Brasil

Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts in coatis (Nasua nasua L. 1766) from Pará, Brazil

Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Zoonotic enteroparasitosis represent an important public health problem, and species of protozoa such as Cryptosporidiumspp. and Giardiaspp. can reach high frequencies in regions where basic sanitation conditions are poor, which promotes outbreaks of diarrhea in humans and domestic and wild animals. Wild mammals such as the South American coati (Nasua nasua) feed on insects present in thesoil, fruits, and small vertebrates, and are susceptible to contamination by enteroparasites present in the environmental niche. The aimof the present studywastoinvestigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidiumspp. and Giardiaspp. in N. nasuafrom a region in the Brazilian Amazon. Fecal samples of 27 coatistwo from free-living and 25 from captivitywere collected in three different municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The search for Giardiaspp. and Cryptosporidiumspp. in the collected samples were performed using the direct and Kinyoun methods, respectively, and a commercial immunological test (RIDA®QUICK Cryptosporidium/GiardiaCombi. ®R-Biopharm) was used to detect antigens from both parasites. Cryptosporidiumspp. oocysts were found in 11.1% (3/27) of the samples; one from a free-living animal and two from captive animals. Giardiaspp. cysts were found in 11.1% (3/27) of the samples, all from captive animals. This is the first report of infection by these protozoans in this coati's species in the North region of Brazil; the South American coati may be participating as maintainers and disseminators of infectious agents to the environment and other hosts

Bovine tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria among water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from the Brazilian Amazon

This work was supported by the Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Pará/Universidade do Estado do Pará (FAPESPA/UEPA) [Cooperation grant Nº 004/2019].Federal University of Pará. Post-graduate Program in Animal Science. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Cultura Celular e Citogenética. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / State University of Pará. Post-graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon. Belém, PA, Brazil.State University of Pará. Post-graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon. Belém, PA, Brazil / University Center of Pará. Post-graduate Program in Health Education - Medical Education. Belém, PA, Brazil.State University of Pará. Post-graduate Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Post-graduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon. Belém, PA, Brazil.Max Planck University Center. Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Introduction: Zoonotic tuberculosis is a disease of public health importance worldwide, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to investigate the role played by Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria as etiologic agents of bubaline tuberculosis (TB) in the Brazilian Amazon region. Methodology: Granulomatous lesions suggestive of TB obtained from 109 buffaloes (n =109) during sanitary inspection at slaughter were subjected to histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of Mycobacterium antigens, and to molecular tests (PCR) to detect hsp65, IS6110 and RD4 genes, which are specific to Mycobacterium spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and M. bovis, respectively. Results: PCR results indicated Mycobacterium infection in 87.2% of the cases, of which 69.5% were positive for M. bovis, 27.4% belonged to MTBC, and 3.1% were probably non-TB mycobacteria. There was good agreement between the genus-specific molecular technique and the histopathological analysis. This high frequency of TB cases caused by non-M. bovis suggests a diversified scenario of mycobacteria associated with bubaline TB in the Brazilian Amazon region.Conclusions: The results reinforce the need of discussing the inclusion of more accurate techniques in examinations carried out by Inspection Services in Brazi