Effects of momentum conservation on the analysis of anisotropic flow

We present a general method for taking into account correlations due to momentum conservation in the analysis of anisotropic flow, either by using the two-particle correlation method or the standard flow vector method. In the latter, the correlation between the particle and the flow vector is either corrected through a redefinition (shift) of the flow vector, or subtracted explicitly from the observed flow coefficient. In addition, momentum conservation contributes to the reaction plane resolution. Momentum conservation mostly affects the first harmonic in azimuthal distributions, i.e., directed flow. It also modifies higher harmonics, for instance elliptic flow, when they are measured with respect to a first harmonic event plane such as one determined with the standard transverse momentum method. Our method is illustrated by application to NA49 data on pion directed flow.Comment: RevTeX 4, 10 pages, 1 eps figure. Version accepted for publication in Phys Rev

Analysis of directed flow from elliptic flow

Borghini N, Dinh PM, Ollitrault JY. Analysis of directed flow from elliptic flow. Physical Review C. 2002;66(1): 014905.The directed flow of particles produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is so small that currently available methods of analysis are at the border of applicability. Standard two-particle and flow-vector methods are biased by large nonflow correlations. On the other hand, cumulants of four-particle correlations, which are free from this bias, are plagued by large statistical errors. Here, we present a new method based on three-particle correlations, which uses the property that elliptic flow is large at these energies. This method may also be useful at intermediate energies, near the balance energy where directed flow vanishes

Analysis of photonic band gaps in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with centrifugal core-shell rods

42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials, 78.20.Bh Theory, models, and numerical simulation,