A Study of a Portion of the Distributive Education Teacher Preparation Program at Utah State University

The major purpose of distributive education is to prepare the student for entry-level employment in distributive occupations. This preparation should help workers become successful and advance in their chosen field of distributive occupations. No matter how instruction is organized, when it is identified as vocational distributive education, there are no differences in the results desired. Students are to be able to meet employment qualifications with the confidence and the competencies necessary to begin marketing and management careers. To meet this goal, the student should qualify himself to receive satisfaction and contentment in his work. Sidney P. Marland\u27s deep expression in our educational process was expressed as follows: We cannot risk longer this bitter experience of perhaps 50 percent of our young people--black and white--completing school with a euphemistic general education that has no relevance to college, little relevance to job entry, and no relevance whatever to the young person in school. The emergence of the comprehensive high school, properly defined and implemented, carries the ultimate solution to this problem. Among the radical changes that may derive, if we truly mean to take the problem seriously, is the feasibility of having every high school student engage for at least a semester in a genuine work-study program giving dignity and worth to work in its largest sense. Somewhere down this road the term relevance may find its place in the high school program. Relevance in the distributive education program can best be assured when the distributive teacher-coordinator is competent in the critical areas of instruction and in the professional and technical objectives. The distributive teacher-coordinator is the key factor in the student\u27s success in achieving career preparation. Haines mentions among other qualifications that the teacher-coordinator must be a successful employee who knows a trade and the language of the trade . Only when the teacher-coordinator is competent in the general areas of distributive occupations will he be qualified to counsel and teach the student with success and understanding. Since the teacher-coordinator must be well qualified to achieve success, educators have been giving consideration to the curriculum taken by the prospective teacher-coordinator to see if the institutions charged with the responsibility of training future educators are fulfilling the suggested needs in this preparation. \u27 Relevant \u27 Teaching regardless of the subject matter , also depends on clearly specified instructional goals .. Curricular revision, especially in a society as fast paced as ours, must be constant; it will never be completed. The necessity is to evaluate the curriculum being offered in the universities to determine if the course content being taught to the future teacher-coordinator meets their job requirements. According to Wallace, there is need to review and evaluate the requirements for undergraduate distributive education majors at Utah State University

Centering Racial Justice in Sex Education: Strategies for Engaging Professionals and Young People

This practice paper—Centering Racial Justice in Sex Education: Strategies for Engaging Professionals and Young People—serves as a guide to providing racially just practices for those working in the field of sex education. We understand that much like any other work discussing diversity and inclusion practices, this isn't about presenting a list of things that will allow organizations to simply check a box or provide a one-size-fits-all approach. Described throughout these pages is the pursuit of racial justice and equity that requires multi-layered efforts that address the needs of both youth of color and the communities in which they live.This practice paper describes—The need for racial justice and equity in the K–12 sex education space;Methodology of the research conducted with key informants;Content of racially just sex education;Qualities of a racially just sex educator;Administrative and management practices that support sex educators of color; and,Measurement and evaluation practices to enhance sex education for youth of color

A new mechanism for a naturally small Dirac neutrino mass

A mechanism is proposed in which a right-handed neutrino zero mode and a right-handed charged lepton zero mode can be localized at the same place along an extra compact dimension while having markedly different spreads in their wave functions: a relatively narrow one for the neutrino and a rather broad one for the charged lepton. In their overlaps with the wave function for the left-handed zero modes, this mechanism could produce a natural large hierarchy in the effective Yukawa couplings in four dimensions, and hence a large disparity in masses.Comment: 6 pages (2 with figures), twocolumn forma

X-ray and UV spectroscopy of Galactic diffuse hot gas along the LMC X--3 sight line

We present Suzaku spectra of X-ray emission in the fields just off the LMC X-3 sight line. OVII, OVIII, and NeIX emission lines are clearly detected, suggesting the presence of an optically thin thermal plasma with an average temperature of 2.4E6. This temperature is significantly higher than that inferred from existing X-ray absorption line data obtained with Chandra grating observations of LMC X-3, strongly suggesting that the gas is not isothermal. We then jointly analyze these data to characterize the spatial and temperature distributions of the gas. Assuming a vertical exponential Galactic disk model, we estimate the gas temperature and density at the Galactic plane and their scale heights as 3.6(2.9, 4.7)E6 K and 1.4(0.3, 3.4)E-3 cm^{-3} and 1.4(0.2, 5.2) kpc and $2.8(1.0, 6.4)$ kpc, respectively. This characterization can account for all the \ovi line absorption, as observed in a FUSE spectrum of LMC X-3, but only predicts less than one tenth of the OVI line emission intensity typically detected at high Galactic latitudes. The bulk of the OVI emission most likely arises at interfaces between cool and hot gases.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ, 200

BRST Cohomology of N=2 Super-Yang-Mills Theory in 4D

The BRST cohomology of the N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions is discussed by making use of the twisted version of the N=2 algebra. By the introduction of a set of suitable constant ghosts associated to the generators of N=2, the quantization of the model can be done by taking into account both gauge invariance and supersymmetry. In particular, we show how the twisted N=2 algebra can be used to obtain in a straightforward way the relevant cohomology classes. Moreover, we shall be able to establish a very useful relationship between the local gauge invariant polynomial $tr\phi^2$ and the complete N=2 Yang-Mills action. This important relation can be considered as the first step towards a fully algebraic proof of the one-loop exactness of the N=2 beta function.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, final version to appear in Journ. Phys.

Strong, Ultra-narrow Peaks of Longitudinal and Hall Resistances in the Regime of Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect

With unusually slow and high-resolution sweeps of magnetic field, strong, ultra-narrow (width down to $100 {\rm \mu T}$) resistance peaks are observed in the regime of breakdown of the quantum Hall effect. The peaks are dependent on the directions and even the history of magnetic field sweeps, indicating the involvement of a very slow physical process. Such a process and the sharp peaks are, however, not predicted by existing theories. We also find a clear connection between the resistance peaks and nuclear spin polarization.Comment: 5 pages with 3 figures. To appear in PR

Weak Energy: Form and Function

The equation of motion for a time-independent weak value of a quantum mechanical observable contains a complex valued energy factor - the weak energy of evolution. This quantity is defined by the dynamics of the pre-selected and post-selected states which specify the observable's weak value. It is shown that this energy: (i) is manifested as dynamical and geometric phases that govern the evolution of the weak value during the measurement process; (ii) satisfies the Euler-Lagrange equations when expressed in terms of Pancharatnam (P) phase and Fubini-Study (FS) metric distance; (iii) provides for a PFS stationary action principle for quantum state evolution; (iv) time translates correlation amplitudes; (v) generalizes the temporal persistence of state normalization; and (vi) obeys a time-energy uncertainty relation. A similar complex valued quantity - the pointed weak energy of an evolving state - is also defined and several of its properties in PFS-coordinates are discussed. It is shown that the imaginary part of the pointed weak energy governs the state's survival probability and its real part is - to within a sign - the Mukunda-Simon geometric phase for arbitrary evolutions or the Aharonov-Anandan (AA) phase for cyclic evolutions. Pointed weak energy gauge transformations and the PFS 1-form are discussed and the relationship between the PFS 1-form and the AA connection 1-form is established.Comment: To appear in "Quantum Theory: A Two-Time Success Story"; Yakir Aharonov Festschrif

The impacts of diagnosis-intervention packet payment on the providers’ behavior of inpatient care—evidence from a national pilot city in China

Background: In 2020, the Chinese government developed and implemented an innovative case-based payment method under the regional global budget called the diagnosis-intervention packet (DIP) payment to pay for inpatient care. This study aims to assess the changes to inpatient care provision in hospitals after the DIP payment reform was implemented. Methods: This study used inpatient medical costs per case, the proportion of the out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure in inpatient medical costs, and the average length of stay (LOS) of inpatient care as outcome variables, and conducted an interrupted time series analysis to evaluate changes after the DIP payment reform. January 2021 was taken as the intervention point when a national pilot city of the DIP payment reform in the Shandong province began using the DIP payment to pay for inpatient care of secondary and tertiary hospitals. The data used in this study were obtained from the aggregated monthly claim data of inpatient care of secondary and tertiary hospitals. Results: Compared to the pre-intervention trend, the inpatient medical costs per case, the proportion of the OOP expenditure in inpatient medical costs both in tertiary and secondary hospitals significantly decreased after the intervention. After the intervention, the reduction in the inpatient medical costs per case, the proportion of the OOP expenditure in inpatient medical costs in tertiary hospital were both higher than those in secondary hospital (p < 0.001). The average LOS of inpatient care in secondary hospital significantly increased after the intervention, and it immediately increase 0.44 day after intervention (p = 0.211). Moreover, the change of average LOS of inpatient care in secondary hospital after intervention was opposite to that in tertiary hospital, it had no statistical difference (p = 0.269). Conclusion: In the short term, the DIP payment reform could not only effectively regulate provider behavior of inpatient care in hospitals, but also improves the rational allocation of the regional healthcare resources. However, the long-term effects of the DIP payment reform need to be investigated in the future

Generalized adjacency and the conservation of gene clusters in genetic networks defined by synthetic lethals

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Given genetic networks derived from two genomes, it may be difficult to decide if their local structures are similar enough in both genomes to infer some ancestral configuration or some conserved functional relationships. Current methods all depend on searching for identical substructures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We explore a generalized vertex proximity criterion, and present analytic and probability results for the comparison of random lattice networks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We apply this criterion to the comparison of the genetic networks of two evolutionarily divergent yeasts, <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>and <it>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</it>, derived using the Synthetic Genetic Array screen. We show that the overlapping parts of the networks of the two yeasts share a common structure beyond the shared edges. This may be due to their conservation of redundant pathways containing many synthetic lethal pairs of genes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Detecting the shared generalized adjacency clusters in the genetic networks of the two yeasts show that this analytical construct can be a useful tool in probing conserved network structure across divergent genomes.</p