35 research outputs found
Comparison of methods of data mining techniques for the predictive accuracy.
This paper is based on the work of Yeh, Lien (2009). In the paper, authors used the payment data set from the important bank in Taiwan. To build a model, the whole sample was divided in two subsets - training and testing sets - so each model could be trained on the first one and then be evaluated on the second. Our motivation was to see whether the same result could be obtained if we repeatedly apply the models to the different data sets. To do so, Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to generate these sets
Diamond grinding wheels production study with the use of the finite element method
AbstractResearch results on 3D modeling of the diamond grain and its bearing layer when sintering diamond grinding wheels are provided in this paper. The influence of the main characteristics of the wheel materials and the wheel production process, namely the quantity of metallic phase within diamond grain, coefficient of thermal expansion of the metallic phase, the modulus of elasticity of bond material and sintering temperature, on the internal stresses arising in grains is investigated. The results indicate that the stresses in the grains are higher in the areas around the metallic phase. Additionally, sintering temperature has the greatest impact on the stresses of the grain-metallic phase-bond system regardless of the type of the bond. Furthermore, by employing factorial design for the carried out finite element model, a mathematical model that reflects the impact of these factors on the deflected mode of the diamond grain-metallic phase-bond material system is obtained. The results of the analysis allow for the identification of optimal conditions for the efficient production of improved diamond grinding wheels. More specifically, the smallest stresses are observed when using the metal bond with modulus of elasticity 204GPa, the quantity of metallic phase in diamond grain of not higher than 7% and coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.32Γ10β51/K or lower. The results obtained from the proposed 3D model can lead to the increase in the diamond grains utilization and improve the overall efficiency of diamond grinding
Bank Deposit and Credit Policy Management in the Field of Individual Customer Service
The article is devoted to the problem of individual customer service quality improvement in the field of provided deposit and credit services. This problem is a priority in determining any commercial bank strategy, since both deposit and credit policies determine the effectiveness of a credit institution development, which largely depends on the level of customer satisfaction. This study aims to determine the management aspects of the deposit and credit policy improvement in the field of commercial bank customer servicing. In the course of the work, they used the elements of system analysis, statistical research methods (summary and grouping, calculation of average values), and SWOT analysis. To assess customer satisfaction, the authors studied the Internet reviews of the largest regional bank of the Primorsky Territory of Russia - PJSC SKB of Primorye "Primsotsbank". The use of the indicated methods in the study made it possible to assess the quality of services provided to clients, identify the problems in their service sector, and develop the measures for their elimination. The results obtained are the basis for making managerial decisions to improve the deposit and credit policy of the studied bank and can be used in commercial banks' practice
Some features of the surface micro- and macroprofile formation at flat face grinding with spindle axis inclination
The work described in this paper pertains to the identification of some features of microand macroprofile formation of surfaces to be machined with flat face grinding, with inclination of the spindle axis. The question of the formation of machined surface profile at through-feed grinding and multiple-pass scheme are considered by using computer-aided simulations in COMPASS environment. More specifically, for flat face through-feed grinding, a generalized empirical equation exhibiting the dependency of concavity from the outer diameter of the face grinding wheel, the spindle axis inclination angle and the width of the surface of the workpiece is acquired. Furthermore, based on the maximum allowable value of flatness deviation and with pre-determined grinding wheel diameter and workpiece width, it is possible to identify the maximum inclination angle at which concavity falls within acceptable limits. For the case of multiple pass flat face grinding, the role of factors such as inclination angle of spindle axis, cross-feed and diameter of the grinding wheel on the height of residual ridges on the surface of the parts is determined through the proposal of an empirical equation. With the aforementioned equations the machinist may reasonably prescribe machining conditions in practice. The conducted research contributes to the expansion of ideas regarding technological possibilities of improvement of flat face grinding
SENSORLESS SPEED CONTROL OF THE DIRECT CURRENT MOTORS
In this paper, a new speed control algorithm for a permanent magnet DC motor which does not require implementation of the angular speed sensor is presented. Three steps are performed to develop the control system: design of speed tracking control algorithm assuming the speed measurement; design of speed observer; design of sensorless speed control algorithm based on the principle of separation. Information about speed is taken from the speed observer using the motor current value. The stability of the composite system dynamics consisting of three subsystems (the speed regulation loop, current regulation loop, and speed observer) is analyzed. The feedback gains tuning procedure for decoupling of three subsystems is given. The simulation results show that the dynamic performance of the designed system is similar to the performance of the system with angular speed measurement. The resulting closed-loop system has structural robustness properties with respect to parametric and coordinate disturbances. References 12, figures 2
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ
The objective:Β Comparison of parameters characterizing the operation of the pressure support regime on modern anesthetic and intensive care ventilators.Subjects and Methods.Β The study included 5 anesthesia machines (MindrayΒ WATOΒ EX-65, DrΣger Primus,Β GEΒ AvanceΒ S/5,Β GEΒ Carestation 650, andΒ GEΒ AisysΒ CS2) and 5 intensive ventilators (Hamilton C1, Hamilton C2,Β GEΒ EngstrΣ§m Carestation, Puritane Bennette 840, and Puritane BennetteΒ 980). All devices were tested using the Ingmar medicalΒ ASLΒ 5000 breathing device. The trigger delay time, the maximum pressure reduction below theΒ PEEPΒ level at the initiation of inspiration,Β PTPΒ (pressure-time product), as well as the level of pressure achieved after 300 and 500 ms from the start of inspiration at different levels of pressure support andΒ PEEPΒ were evaluated.Results.Β The parameters characterizing operation of the trigger system and pattern of the inspiratory pressure set in ventilators used in intensive care and anesthesia ventilators had statistically significant differences. However, in terms of the response rate of the trigger system, modern anesthesia machines (GEΒ AvanceΒ S/2,Β GEΒ Caretation 650, andΒ GEΒ AisysΒ CS2) are not significantly inferior to traditional ventilators, their trigger delay time is about 100 ms. The maximum decrease in pressure belowΒ PEEPΒ before the start of inhalation in the tested intensive ventilators was 1.0β1.5 cm H2O, in modern anesthesia machines this parameter was comparable and made approximately 1.5β2.0 cm H2O (GEΒ AvanceΒ S/2,Β GEΒ Caremation 650, andΒ GEΒ AisysΒ CS2). Assessment of the pressure level achieved after 300 and 500 ms showed that these parameters were closer to the target pressure for ventilators of the pneumatic compressor design, for turbine devices these parameters were approximately 25% less. Anaesthesia devices with a two-circuit pneumatic design had 40% less pressure values compared to devices with a pneumatic compressor design.Conclusion:Β The performance of the trigger system in modern anesthesia and intensive care ventilators does not differ significantly. Most of the anesthesia machines tested did not reach the target pressure within 500 ms, and by this parameter they differ significantly from intensive care respirators.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ:Β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠΠ).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Β Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 5 Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(MindrayΒ WATOΒ EX-65, DrΣger Primus,Β GEΒ AvanceΒ S/5,Β GEΒ Carestation 650,Β GEΒ AisysΒ CS2) ΠΈ 5 ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β ΠΠΠΒ (Hamilton C1, Hamilton C2,Β GEΒ EngstrΣ§m Carestation, Puritane Bennette 840, Puritane Bennette 980). ΠΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Β ASLΒ 5000 ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Ingmar medical. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π° (ΠΠΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ
Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΒ PTPΒ (pressure-time product), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 300 ΠΈ 500 ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ
Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΠΠΠ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.Β ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β ΠΠΠ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ (GEΒ AvanceΒ S/2,Β GEΒ Carestation 650,Β GEΒ AisysΒ CS2) ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΒ ΠΠΠ, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Γ‘Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100 ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Β ΠΠΠΠΒ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β ΠΠΠΒ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 1,0β1,5 ΡΠΌ Π2Π, Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 1,5β2,0 ΡΠΌ Π2Π (GEΒ AvanceΒ S/2,Β GEΒ CarestationΒ 650,Β GEΒ AisysΒ CS2). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 300 ΠΈ 500 ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΒ ΠΠΠΒ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² β ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° 25% ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅. Π£Β Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 40% ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄.Β ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β ΠΠΠΒ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 500 ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ
The objective: to compare effectiveness of pressure support and mandatory ventilation modes at the final stage of general anesthesia.Subjects and Methods. 58 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent laparoscopic or open surgery under combined general anesthesia with muscle relaxants and tracheal intubation. At the end of the operation, after suturing the muscle layer, patients were randomly divided into two groups, depending on the further mode of ventilation: the mandatory mode group with dual control until extubation (n = 29) and the spontaneous breathing mode group with pressure support (n = 29). The time of awakening, the severity of post-extubation cough, hemodynamic parameters and oxygenation immediately before and 5 minutes after extubation were assessed.Results. In the groups of patients, statistically significant differences were observed in the time of awakening (252 Β± 67 sec and 426 Β± 71 sec in PSV and PCV-VG Groups, respectively), extubation (287 Β± 55 sec and 464 Β± 67 sec in the PSV and PCV-VG groups, respectively), and transfer from the operating room (473 Β± 60 sec and 687 Β± 77 sec in the PSV and PCV-VG groups, respectively) (p < 0.0001). Also, patients receiving PSV respiratory support had higher saturation levels 5 minutes after extubation (p < 0.0001), and heart rate and mean arterial pressure immediately before extubation were lower than in the mandatory ventilation group (p = 0.013 and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, in the mode of spontaneous breathing with pressure support, a lower severity of post-extubation cough was observed (p = 0.003).Conclusion. The use of a spontaneous breathing mode with pressure support at the end of general combined anesthesia has several advantages versus mandatory ventilation mode. These advantages include faster awakening, extubation and transfer of the patient to the ward, lower severity of post-extubation cough, as well as better gas exchange after extubation, lower intensity of hypertension and tachycardia before it. Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 58 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΅ΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (n = 29) ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (n = 29). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (252 Β± 67 ΠΈ 426 Β± 71 Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
PSV ΠΈ PCV-VG ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ), ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (287 Β± 55 ΠΈ 464 Β± 67 Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
PSV ΠΈ PCV-VG ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (473 Β± 60 ΠΈ 687 Β± 77 Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
PSV ΠΈ PCV-VG ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) (p < 0,0001). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ PSV, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (p < 0,0001), Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ (p = 0,013 ΠΈ p < 0,0001 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ (p = 0,003).ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ, Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΅
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
To compare efficacy of spontaneous breathing with pressure support and volume-controlled mandatory ventilation during combined general anesthesia using desflurane and without muscle relaxants.Subjects and Methods.Β 100 patients were included in the study. All underwent low-traumatic operations on the lower limbs under general combined anesthesia using supraglottic air devices without muscle relaxants. Immediately prior to the induction of anesthesia, patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (VCV) where a mandatory volume control mode was used (nΒ =Β 50) and Group 2 (PSV) where a pressure support mode was used (nΒ =Β 50). The following parameters were assessed: hemodynamics, gas exchange, depth of anesthesia before induction, during and after the end of general anesthesia; arterial blood gas composition one hour after induction of anesthesia; indicators of pressure in the respiratory tract during mechanical ventilation, as well as time parameters of awakening.Results.Β In patients of Group 2 (PSV), according to the analysis of arterial blood gases, a higher level of PaO2Β (pΒ =Β 0.006), Horowitz index (pΒ =Β 0.005), and carbon dioxide level (pΒ <Β 0.0001) were noted. In Group 1 (VCV), higher mean and peak airway pressures were found one hour after induction and 10 minutes before the end of surgery (pΒ <Β 0.05). Also in the groups, there were statistically significant differences in the time parameters of awakening (233Β Β±Β 58 sec and 352Β Β±Β 83 sec in theΒ PSVΒ andΒ VCVΒ groups, respectively), supraglottic airway device removal time (268Β Β±Β 62 sec and 398Β Β±Β 84 sec in theΒ PSVΒ andΒ VCV groups, respectively) and transfer to the wardΒ (395Β Β±Β 60 sec and 571Β Β±Β 66 sec in theΒ PSVΒ andΒ VCVΒ groups, respectively) (pΒ <Β 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the main parameters of hemodynamics and depth of anesthesia, the consumption of anesthetics used during induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.Conclusion:Β The use of spontaneous breathing with pressure support during general combined anesthesia without muscle relaxants has a number of advantages versus mandatory ventilation mode. These include better oxygenation rates, lower airway pressure, faster awakening, supraglottic airway device removal time, and transfer of the patient to the ward. At the same time, acceptable ventilation, stable hemodynamic parameters and depth of anesthesia are maintained.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ:Β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Β Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 100 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ:Β 1-ΡΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° (VCV), Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (nΒ =Β 50), ΠΈΒ 2-ΡΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° (PSV), Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ (nΒ =Β 50). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ; Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.Β Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Β 2-ΠΉΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ (PSV) ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π Π°Π2Β (pΒ =Β 0,006), ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° (pΒ =Β 0,005), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° (pΒ <Β 0,0001). ΠΒ 1-ΠΉΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ (VCV) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π° 10 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (pΒ <Β 0,05). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (233Β Β±Β 58 ΠΈ 352Β Β±Β 83 Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Β PSVΒ ΠΈΒ VCVΒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ), ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° (268Β Β±Β 62 ΠΈ 398Β Β±Β 84 Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Β PSVΒ ΠΈΒ VCVΒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (395Β Β±Β 60 ΠΈ 571Β Β±Β 66 Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Β PSVΒ ΠΈΒ VCVΒ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) (pΒ <Β 0,0001). ΠΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄.Β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ± Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π²'ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² Π· Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Π½Ρ http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2777
Block Copolymers of Ethylene Oxide andΒ Propylene Oxide: Prospects for Medical and Pharmaceutical Application in Russia
Block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (EO/PO block copolymers) are polymeric non-ionic surfactants with a high hydrophilicβlipophilic balance also referred to as pluronics, poloxamers, or proxanols. These compounds are among the most demanded modern excipients for the production of medicines. EO/PO block copolymers are used both in the production of traditional (liquid, semi-solid, and solid) dosage forms and as part of targeted delivery systems. The extensive application of EO/PO block copolymers is due to the diverse array of their properties, including not only solubilising, emulsifying, gelling, and other effects but also thermoreversibility, which is essential for developing in situ delivery systems and 3D printing technologies.The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of EO/PO block copolymers for medicinal use and to assess the range of medicinal products approved in the Russian Federation that contain EO/PO block copolymers.This review presents an analysis of the register of poloxamer-containing medicines approved in the Russian Federation, a list of the largest manufacturers of EO/PO block copolymers in the world, and a study of the possibility to use copolymers for medical purposes. Currently, there are more than 10 chemical manufacturers producing EO/PO block copolymers for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and other industries around the world. EO/PO block copolymers are included in more than 60 medicinal products present in the Russian pharmaceutical market; this observation indicates the need to phase out the import of poloxamers