Addressing the Needs of Juvenile Offenders: A Study of the Greene County Missouri Teen Court Model

Over the past several years, the teen court concept has been gaining popularity as a cost-effective alternative to traditional juvenile court proceedings for youth offenders. Relying on informal mechanisms of social control, Teen Courts are seen as a beneficial alternative to formal criminal justice intervention that have more positive consequences in terms of positively impacting the lives of juveniles. To date, the empirical data pertaining to how teen courts operate and their effect on changing the behaviors of young offenders is relatively limited in the research literature. This study provides a meta-analysis of some of the major evaluation studies of Teen Court, as well as examines data gathered on the Greene County Missouri Teen Court Model

Addressing the Needs of Juvenile Offenders: A Study of the Greene County Missouri Teen Court Model

Over the past several years, the teen court concept has been gaining popularity as a cost-effective alternative to traditional juvenile court proceedings for youth offenders. Relying on informal mechanisms of social control, Teen Courts are seen as a beneficial alternative to formal criminal justice intervention that have more positive consequences in terms of positively impacting the lives of juveniles. To date, the empirical data pertaining to how teen courts operate and their effect on changing the behaviors of young offenders is relatively limited in the research literature. This study provides a meta-analysis of some of the major evaluation studies of Teen Court, as well as examines data gathered on the Greene County Missouri Teen Court Model

Selection justification of the wood pulp and crown combustion parameters for the calculation of the crown forest fires impact on Vietnamese energy facilities

The selection of specific carbon monoxide generation rate and specific mass gasification rate values is necessary for mathematical modeling of crown forest fires and their thermal effects on Vietnamese energy facilities. The study presents results from experiments on burning trunk wood pulp and crown samples of the most common deciduous and coniferous trees in Vietnam. Specific carbon monoxide generation rate and specific mass gasification rate were measured for wood and crown samples under flame combustion mode. The experimental results were compared with literature values, and it was found that the time-average experimental values of specific mass gasification rate fell within the range specified in the fire load database by Koshmarov 2000 for both coniferous and deciduous trees

Calculation of the critical times of carbon monoxide influence on humans in case of fire in the premises

A mathematical model of calculating the content of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood of humans exposed to CO has been proposed. Results of comparing the calculation of carboxyhaemoglobin content with the experimental data of human exposure to constant concentration of CO during quiet breathing have been obtained. Results of numerical experiments for determining carboxyhaemoglobin concentration in case of rapid pulmonary ventilation that is characteristic for fire conditions in a room have been shown. The estimates of intervals of CO influence on the human body have been obtained with the use of the analytic solution of the integral model for calculating thermogasdynamics of fire. Critical fire durations obtained with the use of the proposed model and the traditional approach have been compared. It has been shown that the method of calculating the critical fire duration in terms of CO that exists in the scientific and regulatory literature on fire safety can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively incorrect results. © 2017 International Information Institute

Calculation of the critical times of carbon monoxide influence on humans in case of fire in the premises

A mathematical model of calculating the content of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood of humans exposed to CO has been proposed. Results of comparing the calculation of carboxyhaemoglobin content with the experimental data of human exposure to constant concentration of CO during quiet breathing have been obtained. Results of numerical experiments for determining carboxyhaemoglobin concentration in case of rapid pulmonary ventilation that is characteristic for fire conditions in a room have been shown. The estimates of intervals of CO influence on the human body have been obtained with the use of the analytic solution of the integral model for calculating thermogasdynamics of fire. Critical fire durations obtained with the use of the proposed model and the traditional approach have been compared. It has been shown that the method of calculating the critical fire duration in terms of CO that exists in the scientific and regulatory literature on fire safety can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively incorrect results. © 2017 International Information Institute

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ УДЕЛЬНОГО КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ ЦИАНОВОДОРОДА И МОНОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА ПРИ ПОЖАРЕ В ПОМЕЩЕНИИ

Introduction. Modern mathematical models of the distribution of toxic gases use the values of specific coefficients of formation of only three gases. It is not considered the whole spectrum of toxic gases produced during the combustion of synthetic materials. Therefore, the experimental study of the process of hydrogen cyanide formation is an important task. Aims and purposes. The purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for obtaining initial data on the release of hydrogen cyanide. These data are necessary to calculate the time of blocking evacuation ways. To achieve it, the value of the critical concentration of hydrogen cyanide was justified. The experimental unit was modernized and experimental studies of partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as specific coefficients of their release, were carried out during combustion of modern cable products. Methods. An experimental method is used to study the process of formation of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide during the combustion of samples of cable products in a modernized small-size experimental unit. The results were analyzed. Results. The critical value of the partial density of hydrogen cyanide, presented in normative documents, on the basis of analysis of data given in the literature sources, is substantiated. Experimental dependences between the time of testing and partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as their specific coefficients of release, were obtained. This study reveals that the experimental value of the partial density of hydrogen cyanide reaches a critical value. That fact justifies the need to calculate the time of blocking the escape routes with considering influence of hydrogen cyanide. Conclusion. The modernization of the experimental unit makes it possible to obtain experimental dependencies on the time of partial densities of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide, as well as specific coefficients of their separation. This makes it possible to update (by HCN and CO) the existing database of typical fire load and to calculate the time of blocking the escape routes in case of combined effects of the above mentioned gases. When calculating fire risks in case of the burning of modern cable products, it is necessary to determine the time of blocking evacuation routes by hydrogen cyanide.Введение. Современные математические модели распространения токсичных газов используют значения удельных коэффициентов образования лишь трех газов, не рассматривая весь спектр токсичных газов, образующихся при горении синтетических материалов, поэтому экспериментальное исследование процесса образования циановодорода представляет собой актуальную задачу. Цель и задачи. Целью статьи является разработка методики получения исходных данных по выделению циановодорода, необходимых для расчета времени блокирования путей эвакуации. Для ее достижения была обоснована величина критической концентрации циановодорода, модернизирована экспериментальная установка и проведены экспериментальные исследования парциальных плотностей циановодорода и моноксида углерода, а также удельных коэффициентов их выделения при горении современной кабельной продукции. Методы. Используется экспериментальный метод исследования процесса образования циановодорода и моноксида углерода при горении образцов кабельной продукции в модернизированной малогабаритной экспериментальной установке. Проведен анализ полученных результатов. Результаты. Обоснована критическая величина парциальной плотности циановодорода, представленная в нормативных документах, на основе анализа данных, приведенных в литературных источниках. Получены экспериментальные зависимости парциальных плотностей циановодорода и моноксида углерода, а также удельных коэффициентов их выделения от времени проведения испытаний. Показано, что в экспериментах парциальная плотность циановодорода достигает своего критического значения, что обосновывает необходимость расчета времени блокирования путей эвакуации с учетом циановодорода. Заключение. Модернизация экспериментальной установки дает возможность получить экспериментальные зависимости парциальных плотностей циановодорода и моноксида углерода, а также удельных коэффициентов их выделения от времени. Это позволяет актуализировать (по HCN и СО) существующую базу данных типовой пожарной нагрузки и проводить расчет времени блокирования путей эвакуации при совместном воздействии вышеуказанных газов. При расчете пожарных рисков в случае горения современной кабельной продукции необходимо определять время блокирования путей эвакуации циановодородом

The use of green constructions as a means of reducing the noise pollution

The main problems of a modern world are increased energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, urban runoff, and the urban heat island effect.They caused by buildings. Another urgent issue – noise pollution. These problems negatively affects human physical and psychological health. The soliton of the problems is a green construction. The article provide the analysis of the modern green wall technologies, a detailed look at the different vertical greening systems, their benefits and disadvantages, and how each of these systems reduce noise. The result revealed that there is no universal gardening system, it should be selected individually. In terms of noise reduction, hydroponic systems with green wall panels are the most noise-reducing systems. We evaluate the indicators of the effectiveness of green wall systems and select the rational solutions for integrated greening systems of buildings, compare existing technological solutions with innovative solution, patented by the authors. The result is presented by the development of technology with modular green systems, which will expand the practice of technological design, experimental construction and renovation of buildings, to improve the quality of the urban environment through rational construction and technological solutions and appropriate work methods

Study of heating of building structures of production facilities to assess their fire resistance

In this article the research of fire resistance limits of structures for industrial facilities has been carried out. It is known that the fire resistance limits of building structures are determined by experimental and computational methods. The research to solve the problem was based on the temperature regime of real fire conditions. The purpose of the study is to assess the fire resistance of building structures of production facilities by calculating heat and mass transfer, taking into account real fire conditions. To achieve the goal we need the following: 1. Investigate the basic fire safety requirements for the building structures of production facilities; 2. Use computational method to substantiate the necessity of increasing the maximum fire-resistance with the help of flame retardants taking into account the worst-case scenario of real fire development. The evaluation of the fire resistance limits of the supporting metal structures showed that these limits are greater than the required R15 in the worst-case scenario of a real fire. To solve this problem, a field calculation method has been applied, which is used for premises of a complex geometric configuration in which one of the geometric dimensions is much larger than the others. The selected calculation method makes it possible to determine the temperature distribution inside the building structure in the one-dimensional case. We consider the worst-case scenario of fire development in terms of heating the supporting metal structures - burning of fuel oil spill in the boiler room. The results of calculations have shown that in the selected scenario of fire development, the maximum temperature of the supporting metal structures within 15 min from the start of the fire is significantly less than the critical temperature of 500°C. Fire protection coatings for the treatment of load-bearing structures of the production facility are not required