Political Settlements: Issues paper

Why do similar sets of formal institutions often have such divergent outcomes? An analysis of political settlements goes some way to answering this question by bringing into focus the contending interests that exist within any state, which constrain and facilitate institutional and developmental change. It provides a framework to analyse how the state is linked to society and what lies behind the formal representation of politics in a state. The political settlement and the elite bargains from which it emerges are central to patterns of state fragility and resilience. The role of political organisation within the political settlement is crucial to both the stability of the settlement and the direction in which it evolves over time. The elite bargains that may lead to the establishment of what might be considered a resilient political settlement may also act as a barrier to progressive developmental change. Analysis of political settlements suggests that state-building is far from a set of technical formulas, but is a highly political process. Creating capacity within a state to consolidate and expand taxation is fundamentally determined by the shape of the political settlement underlying the state. This is true as well for the development of service delivery or any other function of the state. This analytical framework provides a window for donors to grasp the politics of a place in order to design more effective interventions

Drawing On Peer Evaluation Studies To Manage The Classroom

As global competition flattens hierarchies, management strives for productivity by delegating responsibility, notably including evaluation, to employees. Preparing generally apathetic students for this environment, teachers can manage classes in the same way. Traditional, hierarchical evaluation faces structural, managerial, and psychological difficulties. Peer evaluation, although reliable and valid, must additionally overcome peer group solidarity. Evaluators dread assigning low ranks because no one likes being below average. Peer evaluation challenges students and engages them in a work culture of distributed responsibility

XB: New-Paradigm Management of The Classroom As A Complex organization

Management instructors may abandon the lectern to engage students in activities, but many experiential approaches can still produce the teacher’s nightmare: passive, inarticulate bunglers, lost in the maze. This paper describes XB, a classroom organization that involves, orients, trains, and educates students

The populist right challenge to neoliberalism: social policy between a rock and a hard place

This article looks at the rise of right populist politics in both developed and developing countries, and its implications for social policy. The author locates the cause for the right populist surge in the legacies of neoliberalism, paying particular attention to the way neoliberal reforms have affected popular attitudes towards politics. The commodification of politics and social services has stoked mass cynicism towards reigning neoliberal elites, creating receptive audiences for populist slogans to ‘drain the swamp’ at the heart of governments. More controversially, the author argues that popular resentments toward neoliberal social policies based on the recognition of the rights of women, minorities, migrants and the poor have made communities susceptible to the racist and misogynist messages of the right populists. Through case studies looking at the United States, Brazil and the Philippines the author argues that the biggest impact of right populists on social policies can be found in their discourses and authoritarian practices of social exclusion

Ionic effects on the electric field needed to orient dielectric lamellae

We consider the effect of mobile ions on the applied potential needed to reorient a lamellar system of two different materials placed between two planar electrodes. The reorientation occurs from a configuration parallel to the electrodes favored by surface interactions to an orientation perpendicular to the electrodes favored by the electric field. The system consists of alternating A and B layers with different dielectric constants. The mobile ions are assumed to be insoluble in the B layers and hence confined to the A layers. We find that the ions reduce the needed voltage most strongly when they are constrained such that each A lamella is electrically neutral. In this case, a macroscopic separation of charge and its concomitant lowering of free energy, is attained only in the perpendicular orientation. When the ions are free to move between different A layers, such that charge neutrality is only required globally, their effect is smaller and depends upon the preferred surface interaction of the two materials. Under some conditions, the addition of ions can actually stabilize the parallel configuration. Our predictions are relevant to recent experiments conducted on lamellar phases of diblock copolymer films with ionic selective impurities.Comment: To be published in the Journal of Chemical Physic

ID Professors speak out on Greek exit

James Putzel and Robert Wade have both voiced opinion in the Financial Times about the Greek exit (or Grexit) from the Euro, accusing the troika (EC-ECB-IMF) of forcing out far-left factions by stealth in favour of compliant governments