Facial Palsy Treatment After Cranial Base Fracture : A Systematic Review

Facial nerve paralysis is a common event in cases of cranial base trauma. Especially facial nerve paralysis due to trauma or fracture of the temporal bone accounts for around 7-10% of cases. Analysis of studies related to the management of facial nerve paralysis due to skull base fractures still needs to be studied. The aim of this paper is to examine in more depth the management of facial nerve paralysis due to traumatic skull base fractures. This research analyzes studies through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Proquest databases. After searching, 729 articles were found. Seven articles were found that were suitable and discussed the management of facial nerve paralysis due to cranial base trauma. Based on the results of the investigation, it was found that the management carried out was based on the severity scale of facial paralysis where medical or surgical treatment could be carried out according to the required indications

Understanding and Addressing the Challenges of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): Towards Improved Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a prevalent mesenchymal tumor affecting the digestive tract, with the stomach being the most common location. While some GIST cases are sporadic with no known risk factors, certain factors like age and genetic abnormalities increase the risk. Early diagnosis of GIST remains challenging due to atypical symptoms, leading to late diagnoses and reduced survival rates. This research aims to identify specific risk factors related to local populations, develop accurate early diagnosis methods, and formulate more effective treatment strategies. The study involves a retrospective observational approach, collecting data from medical records of GIST patients and analyzing risk factors and treatment outcomes. The results highlight the increasing prevalence of GIST globally, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and early diagnosis. Challenges in early diagnosis and treatment underscore the importance of public awareness, medical education, and collaborative efforts for better GIST management. This research offers implications for the development of diagnostic guidelines and more effective treatment approaches, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life for GIST patients

Giant Cell Tumor: Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation

A giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) as known as a benign bone tumor (neoplasm) is aggressive locally and frequently recurs, and it is characterized by the growth of mononuclear stromal cells and datia cells that resemble osteoclasts. GCTB has varying incidence rates and has been shown to have high mortality. GCTB patients have several treatment options, but the majority of patients still experience recurrence and even metastasis to other organs. This literature review aims to explain more deeply about Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) starting from the definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment options so that patients get a better prognosis. This literature review was conducted using the keywords "Giant Cell Tumor AND pathogenesis AND clinical manifestation" from PubMed dan Google Scholar. The results of the literature review carried out are that the molecular and biological pathogenesis of GCTB consists of 4 processes, namely tumorigenesis of neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells, generation of reactive multinucleated giant cells, bone resorption/migration, and bone matrix remodeling for angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. Besides, the histological picture of GCTB contains "reactive" osteoclasts such as multinucleated giant cells (Giant Cells/GC), round cells such as macrophages and spindle stromal cells such as "neoplastic" fibroblasts (mononuclear stromal cells/SC) which are important findings in establishing the diagnosis. In conclusion, staging and management are very important to produce a better prognosis and reduce recurrence rates in GCTB patients