Civil society and global governance : the possibilities for global citizenship

In this article we reassert the role of governance as well as of civil society in the analysis of citizenship. We argue that to analyse global civil society and global citizenship it is necessary to focus on global governance. Just as states may facilitate or obstruct the emergence and development of national civil society, so too global governance institutions may facilitate or obstruct an emerging global civil society. Our key contention is that civil society at the global level thrives through its interaction with strong facilitating institutions of global governance. We start with a discussion of civil society and citizenship within the nation-state, and from there develop a model of global civil society and citizenship. Through analysing the impacts of various modes of global governance, we identify strategically appropriate forms of political and social engagement that best advance the prospects for global citizenship. <br /

The effect of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposure on fetal growth in a Maryland county

As water flows from treatment plants to the tap, chlorine, used to disinfect surface water meant for residential use, reacts with residual organic and inorganic matter, creating chlorine disinfection by-products. In recent years, these by-products have been scrutinized as a potential reproductive and developmental hazard. This study ex-amined whether exposure to the four total trihalomethanes or the five haloacetic acids (two major subgroups of chlorine disinfection by-products) was related to an increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation in four regions of a Maryland county from 1998 to 2002. Maternal exposure to each by-product was evaluated for each trimester as well as over the entire pregnancy. The authors were not able to demonstrate any consistent, statistically significant effect on intrauterine growth retardation associated with any of the chlorine disinfection by-products, nor did they find any indication of a dose-response relation. However, they did find some potential for a slightly elevated risk of intrauterine growth retardation during the second and third trimesters for both total trihalomethanes and five halo-acetic acids when comparing increasing quintiles of exposure to constituents of total trihalomethanes and five haloacetic acids. chlorine; disinfectants; fetal growth retardation; trihalomethanes; water supply Abbreviations: CDBPs, chlorine disinfection by-products; CI, confidence interval; HAA5, five haloacetic acids; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; OR, odds ratio; TTHM, total trihalomethane

Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota : conceptual model /

Three maps on 3 folded leaves in pocket.Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-77).Mode of access: Internet

Hydrogeology of the Split Rock Creek aquifer with emphasis on calibration of a numerical flow model, southeast Minnehaha County, South Dakota /

Shipping list no.: 98-0197-P.Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-39).Mode of access: Internet

Little evidence of subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia

10.1371/journal.pone.0097097PLoS ONE95e9709