Path Analysis on the Association between Predisposing, Enabling, and Reinforcing Factors, and House Sanitation in Bengkulu, Sumatera

Background: Poor sanitation is one of the primary causes of communicable diseases in the world. According to UNICEF (2012) 116 million people in Indonesia in 2010 were lacking in standard sanitation. In Bengkulu province, only 33.18% household in 2014 and 39.22% in 2015 had access to good sanitation. This coverage was lower than that of the national level at 62.14%. This study aimed investigating the association between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors, and house sanitation in Bengkulu, Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu, Sumatera from November to December 2016. A total of 120 households were selected by fixed exposure sampling for this study. The dependent variable was household sanitation. The independent variables were family education, family income, health education, social capital, and health behavior. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Family education (b= 1.08; SE= 0.48; p= 0.024) and health education (b= 0.19; SE= 0.07; p= 0.007) had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.09; SE= 0.04; p= 0.018). Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.099). Family income (b= 0.14; SE = 0.45; p= 0.756) and family education (b= 0.15; SE= 0.25; p= 0.566) did not show significant effect on household sanitation. Conclusion: Family education and health education had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior. Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior. Family income and family education did not show significant effect on household sanitation. Keywords: path analysis, predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors, household sanitatio

Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior Among Adolescents in Surakarta

Background: Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22.Results: Perceived threat (b=0.24, SE=0.07, p=0.002), perceived benefit (b=0.24, SE=0.10, p=0.021), self efficacy (b=0.40, SE=0.23, p=0.084), and cues to action (b=0.45, SE=0.15, p=0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b=-0.26, SE=0.10, p=0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p=0.005), perceived seriousness (b=0.29, SE=0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action (b=0.34, SE=0.13, p=0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior.Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior.Keywords: health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescentsCorrespondence: Rumeyda Chitra Puspita. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6287736044472.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2017), 2(2): 183-196https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2017.02.02.0

Health Belief Model for the Analysis of Factors Affecting Hypertension Preventive Behavior among Adolescents in Surakarta

Background: Hypertension is an important public health issue in developed and developing countries. The incidence of hypertension continues to rise to a serious level. Raising awareness of the seriousness of hypertension among peer groups may be an important factor for preventive health behavior. This study aimed to examine the used of health belief model for the analysis of factors affecting hypertension preventive behavior among adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. It was conducted at 5 Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Surakarta from April to May, 2017. A sample of 200 class X and XI SMK students aged 15-17 years was selected for this study by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension preventive behavior. The independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self efficacy, with perceived threat as a mediating variable. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis using SPSS AMOS 22. Results: Perceived threat (b= 0.24, SE= 0.07, p= 0.002), perceived benefit (b= 0.24, SE= 0.10, p= 0.021), self efficacy (b= 0.40, SE= 0.23, p= 0.084), and cues to action (b= 0.45, SE= 0.15, p= 0.003) showed direct positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived barrier (b= -0.26, SE= 0.10, p= 0.015) showed direct negative effect on hypertension preventive behavior. Perceived susceptibility (b= 0.27, SE= 0.09, p= 0.005), perceived seriousness (b= 0.29, SE= 0.09, p<0.001), and cues to action (b= 0.34, SE= 0.13, p= 0.008) showed indirect positive effects on hypertension preventive behavior. Conclusion: Hypertension preventive behavior is positively and directly affected by perceived threat, perceived benefit, self, and cues to action. The preventive behavior is negatively and directly affected by perceived barrier. Perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and cues to action indirectly and positively affect on hypertension preventive behavior. Keywords: health belief model, hypertension, preventive behavior, adolescent