Potassium fertilization in relation to downy mildew disease incidence in grape leaves

Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation

Effect of temperature on Rhizoctonia bataticola and dry root rot in chick pea

Chickpea dry root rot caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler is a soil borne fungal pathogen causing significant yield losses due to change in environmental conditions. Influence of seven temperatures regimes (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 45°C) were tested on growth of R. bataticola isolates representing Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India. The maximum mycelial growth was observed at 35ºC followed by 30 and 25ºC in all the isolates. The optimum temperature for dry root rot severity rating was at 35°C (8.5) followed by 30°C (7.9) followed by 25°C (7.0). Among the isolates, Telangana isolate was virulent and caused maximum disease severity

Inheritance and allelic relationship among gene(s) for blast resistance in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Six blast‐resistant pearl millet genotypes, ICMB 93333, ICMB 97222, ICMR 06444, ICMR 06222, ICMR 11003 and IP 21187‐P1, were crossed with two susceptible genotypes, ICMB 95444 and ICMB 89111 to generate F1s, F2s and backcrosses, BC1P1 (susceptible parent × F1) and BC1P2 (resistant parent × F1) for inheritance study. The resistant genotypes were crossed among themselves in half diallel to generate F1s and F2s for test of allelism. The F1, F2 and backcross generations, and their parents were screened in a glasshouse against Magnaporthe grisea isolates Pg 45 and Pg 53. The reaction of the F1s, segregation pattern of F2s and BC1P1 derived from crosses involving two susceptible parents and six resistant parents revealed the presence of single dominant gene governing resistance in the resistant genotypes. No segregation for blast reaction was observed in the F2s derived from the crosses of resistant × resistant parents. The resistance reaction of these F2s indicated that single dominant gene conferring resistance in the six genotypes is allelic, that is same gene imparts blast resistance in these genotypes to M. grisea isolates

NORMATIVE NASALANCE VALUES ACROSS STIMULI AND GENDER IN MALAYALAM SPEAKING INDIVIDUALS

Nasality is the common problem in subjects with repaired / unrepaired cleft palate, which affects the speech intelligibility. Nasal resonance is not only seen in disordered speech, even normal speech also consist some amount of nasality. Example: Among the Indian languages, Malayalam has got more nasal resonance than any other languages. Nasality can be assessed by subjective as well as objective methods. Perceptual judgment of nasality is done using various rating scales. These rating scales have used different rating points ranging from five point scale to nine point scales. The judges for these rating scales were from trained speech pathologists to clients themselves. Since this is a subjective task, standard data / normative data cannot be established due to many disadvantages associated with this method. Hence, standard objective methods are essential to assess the velopharyngeal dysfunction and to provide guidelines for suitable rehabilitation method.

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Not AvailableBiochemical nature of 25 isolates of Alternaria helianthi were characterized based on production of total sugars, total proteins,total free amino acids and phytotoxins. The estimation of all parameters reflected significant variation among all. The isolate Ah-25 produced maximum concentration of total sugar (13.28 mg), while minimum concentration was noticed in Ah-13 (3.10 mg). Similarly, the total proteins content was found highest in the isolate Ah-25 (21.43 mg) and lowest with the isolate Ah-15 (9.53 mg). Among the isolates, the total free amino acids ranged between 5.67 mg (Ah-15) to 21.24 mg (Ah-21). The phytotoxicity of the crude toxin was tested by adopting detached leaf technique at different concentrations.None of the tested isolates have produced symptoms at 50 ppm concentration. However, the typical symptoms of necrotic lesions were observed at 100 ppm with nine isolates (Ah-1, Ah-2, Ah-4, Ah-7, Ah-12, Ah-17, Ah-21, Ah-24 and Ah-25). Further, the strains were found to vary in their biochemical composition between all the isolates under the study.Not Availabl

Rock-water interaction and chemical quality analysis of groundwater in hard rock terrain of Chamrajanagara district, Karnataka, India using geoinformatics

Groundwater is one of the main natural resources having its application in various fields which affects its quantity. Groundwater pollution occurs when used water is returned to the hydrological cycle. The present study aims to assess the spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters in Southern tip of Karnataka using Geoinformatics technique. Efforts have been made to evaluate a total number of 46 representative groundwater samples (C1 to C46) from different parts of the study area during pre-monsoon period (April-May 2005) to assess its parameters such as F- , NO3-, CO3-, Cl- , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , SO4 2-, Fe, K+ , pH and EC. Groundwater quality is found to be more controlled by rock-water interaction and residence time of water in aquifers and affected more by anthropogenic factors at many locations. Each Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) patterns and major lineaments are mapped and digitized using SoI topomap of 1:50,000 scale and IRS-1D, PAN+LISS-III satellite data through GIS softwares. Wide applications of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides in large agricultural and vegetative lands; mining activities are the major factors that are contaminating the soil and leaching through seepage, fractures, faults and joints (lineaments) into the groundwater. The study reveals the potentiality of Geoinformatics application in preparation of more consistent and accurate baseline information predicting the groundwater quality in Precambrian hard rock terrain of the study area

Morphometric analysis on precambrian rocks in part of cauvery basin, Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India, using geomatics technique

Morphometric analyses are the suitable tool for hydrological investigations in developing and management of land and surface water resources of a larger region. Survey of India (SoI) toposheet, Remote Sensing (RS) Satellite data, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are integrated in mapping of stream order, drainage, slope and other related features of a river basin. The present aim is an attempt to map the morphometric parameters and hydrologic behavior in Precambrian rocks of Dharwar Craton and Northern Granulite Terrains in South India. The drainage network is delivered on geo-coded FCC of IRS-1D, PAN+LISS-III satellite image and merged on SoI toposheets of 1:50,000 scale. The values of linear, aerial and relief variables are calculated and accounted by GIS analysis. The variation in stream length ratio changes due to change in slope, lithology, landforms and topography, while the variation in the values of bifurcation ratio describes the control of lithology/structure and morphology on the network development. These help to delineate the geometry of the basin, drainage network and texture. The final results highlight the applications of geomatics technique in mapping, management and development of surface water resources on hard rock terrain in Southern tip of Karnataka

Molecular characterization of isolates of Alternariaster helianthi causing sunflower blight. Indian Phytopathology 69 (4s) : 134-137 .

Not AvailableThe genetic variability of 25 isolates of A. helianthi was assesses using 30 ISSR primers.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTwenty-five isolates of Alternaria helianthi were collected in pure form from Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad for cultural, morphological and pathogenic characterization. All the isolates showed considerable variation in respect of colony margin, colony growth, pigmentation, colour of aerial mycelium and sporulation. Six isolates (Ah-2, Ah-5, Ah-7, Ah-18, Ah-23 and Ah-25) showed circular growth pattern and the remaining isolates recorded irregular growth with wavy margin. Based on variation in pigmentation and colour of aerial mycelium, 25 isolates were categorized into five types. Variation in colony diameter varied from 21.0 mm (Ah-19) to 42.0 mm (Ah-24). Isolates Ah-2, Ah-12, Ah-21, Ah-24 and Ah-25 recorded abundant sporulation (>12 × 104 spores ml-1), isolates Ah-3, Ah-14 and Ah-18 showed scanty sporulation (< 4× 104 spores ml-1) while the remaining displayed moderate sporulation. The range of average conidial length and width varied from 124.2 (Ah-23) to 158.4 μm (Ah-12) and from 30.7 (Ah-9) to 40.1 μm (Ah-25), respectively. The average septation was highest in isolate Ah-7 (8.9), while that was least in Ah-3 (6.0). Based on similarity in morphological and colony growth characters, the 25 isolates were categorized into seven groups and from each group one representative member was evaluated for variability in pathogenicity by using five differential cultivars (DRSH-1, DRSF108, KBSH-44, KBSH-1, and NDSH-1) along with one susceptible genotype (Morden). Though all seven isolates induced symptoms on all the differentials, their level of virulence varied greatly across the host cultivars. The isolate Ah-21 was found highly virulent with highest mean virulence index (15.2) and Ah-18 was found least virulent with lowest mean virulence index (4.6).Not Availabl