Indian Ocean moisture flux variations during summer monsoon and its relation with Indian rainfall

1971-1977In this article, we discussed about the variations of moisture flux (MF) over the Indian Ocean (IO) and successive Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). MF calculated over 1000-850 mb levels at five different sub regions over the IO during 2006-2014. In monsoons months (June through September), moisture transported from the southern IO through Arabian Sea (AS) via a low-level jet produces rainfall in Indian subcontinent. MF commences in May then increases through August and then decreases by September. We verified the relation of five sub regions MF with ISMR and found northwest IO (NWIO), Arabian Sea (AS) have positive relation. However, the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the central IO (CIO) indicated negative relation. Strong positive relation observed with correlation coefficients (CC) of 0.81 and 0.72 between MF and ISMR over NWIO and AS respectively, however BOB and CIO reveal an inverse relation (CC of –0.34 and -0.7). During an El Nino year, MF deviations are negative over the NWIO and AS, indicating lower moisture transport to India and consecutive ISMR is low. MF during El Nino/La Nina/normal monsoon season over the NWIO and AS areas are important for ISMR

Blood transfusions and its rational use in obstetrics

Background: Blood transfusion (BT) during or after delivery is a serious and sometimes a predictable event. This study helps to generate the information and knowledge regarding the various aspects of blood transfusions in obstetrics and its rational use and alternative strategies.Methods: This is retrospective study of 184 obstetric patients who had 288 blood transfusions during the month of March and April 2014 in the department of obstetrics in an urban tertiary care referral government teaching institute.Results: During this study period of 2 months from March to April 2014 there were 907 admissions in the labour room and 642 deliveries. Among these, 184 patients received blood transfusions. Numbers of blood transfused were 288. The main indication of blood transfusion was anaemia.Conclusions: As many as 56% of pregnant women are anaemic depending on the geographic and socio-economic group studies. Various strategies can be implemented to reduce the anaemia and decrease the number of blood transfusions so that patient will receive the maximum benefit with minimal risks

Corrosion Classification, Rate And Corrosion Product Type: A Review

Corrosion is a slow process that occurs primarily on metal surfaces, but the corrosion related losses are of high order. When considering only the loss of metal, the damages cannot be measured. Except for the least active noble metals, corrosion occurs with all metals. The indirect losses are much higher. Consideration must also be given to the cost of fabrication and cost of preventing corrosion. Indirect losses are higher than the direct losses. When a structure such as building or bridge collapsed due to problems with corrosion the damage often involves the loss of human life and property and the cost of subsequent reconstruction and alternative solution. Corrosion is quite noticeable in some types of corrosion and is only seen when an accident occurs

Developing A Campus Information System For Manipal Institute Of Technology, Manipal Campus, Manipal

Organophosphorus based pesticides are chemical pesticides which are widely used in India for controlling the pests, insects and plant pathogens. The mode of action of pesticides belonging to this class is on neurotransmitter inhibition as well as muscle suppression by which the target organisms are killed. But since the use of these pesticides is in an uncontrolled and indiscriminate manner in agriculture sector, there is a need to degrade the m to protect their harmful effects on environment. Biological degradation of these pesticides are considered as better alternatives as this method is both economical as well as eco-friendly. Bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticides in the vicinity of soil has gained much attention recently because the microbes involved in this process are naturally having the potency to degrade the pesticides in their habitat which is called principle of infallibility. This property was explored for the biological degradation of pesticides. The microorganisms have a special gene known as organophosphate hydrolase or ‘oph’ whose enzyme product when come into contact with the organophosphorus compounds readily degrades them. This organophosphate hydrolase enzyme is well known for its broad spectrum of substrates hydrolysis activity. This activity was taken as a tool for screening of potent bacteria form agriculture soils towards organophosphorus degradation in the present study. Serial dilutions of the soil samples collected from three different regions of Telangana state were done to decline the microbial load and then through spread plate and streaking techniques, isolated bacterial colonies were obtained. Screening of these colonies for the presence of OPH enzyme was done by mixing the OPDs onto OP medium. After screening for the potent isolates showing OPH enzyme, it is revealed that the potent isolates which were successful in degradation of organophosphorus pesticide Chlorantraniliprole indicated by bacterial growth even in the presence of pesticide and also due to the presence of ‘oph’ gene which produced OPH enzyme

Relation between outgoing longwave radiation and findlater jet over Arabian Sea during summer monsoon and influence on Indian monsoon rainfall

428-435This work analyses the relationship between outgoing Longwave radiation (OLR) and Findlater jet (FLJ) intensities at 850 hPa pressure level and also their relation with Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR; June-September) for a period of 1997-2010 over Arabian Sea and India. FLJ is a low-level jet (LLJ) which can be observed during southwest monsoon months. This LLJ generally supports the large-scale moisture and momentum transport from ocean to atmosphere, which results in rainfall over India. FLJ and OLR are associated during the monsoon months. However FLJ (positively) and OLR (negatively) are related with ISMR. Monthly and seasonal correlation coefficients among FLJ, OLR and ISMR presented and the deviations during El Nino/La Nina are discussed. Based on this analysis we recommend that the variations in FLJ should include interannual variability in atmospheric dynamics

Low level jet variations during summer monsoon onset and rainfall variations

1154-1159An attempt has been made to identify low level jet (LLJ) stream influence on Monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK) by considering the wind intensities at 850 hPa over AS (5-20°N and 55-75°E) during the period 1997-2012. The intensity of LLJ confirms an apparent increase after onset; however, rainfall over Kerala is not well correlated with LLJ intensities. During El Nino years, there is a significant positive relation between LLJ and consecutive rainfall after onset

Geological Sources of Arsenic and Cancer Risk Associated with The Metalloid- An Overview

Arsenic, a widely prevalent metalloid in the environment, poses significant health risks due to chronic exposure through contaminated water, food, and various human activities. This comprehensive overview highlights the prevalence of arsenic poisoning, particularly in regions like India and Bangladesh, stemming from arsenic-contaminated drinking water. The toxicological impact of chronic arsenic exposure on human health is multifaceted, leading to dermatological, neurological, and organ-related complications. Notably, arsenic exposure has been linked to the development of malignancies such as lung, bladder, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, and brain cancers. Mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, DNA damage, and associated health conditions are elucidated. Understanding the sources, prevalence, and health impacts of arsenic contamination is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies

Efficacy of stevioside sweetener on pH of plaque among young adults

Background: Stevioside is a natural herbal sweetener extracted from Stevia rebaudiana. An in vitro study has proved the antibacterial efficacy of 0.2% Stevia aqueous solution against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the present study was conducted to clinically evaluate the efficacy of Stevia leaf extract and Stevia product on plaque pH, when compared with sucrose solution. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted among a sample of 22 undergraduate students who volunteered. After obtaining consent, students were instructed not to brush at night and not to use any mouth rinse during the course of the study. Baseline plaque pH was measured in situ using digital pH meter. Students were asked to rinse for 1 min with 0.2% aqueous solution of Stevia leaf extract and plaque pH was measured in situ at 4 time points (5, 10, 15, and 30 min) after each rinse. After a washout period of 2 days, 10% sucrose and 1% Stevia product solutions were similarly tested. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and repeated measures ANOVA. Tukey's HSD test was used to obtain multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set to be at P < 0.05. Results: At 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, a significant difference in mean plaque pH values was observed between three test solutions (P < 0.000). Post hoc Tukey's HSD test showed that the difference in mean pH values between aqueous Stevia extract and sucrose and Stevia product and sucrose was highly significant (P < 0.000). Conclusion: Stevia leaf extract and commercially available Stevia product did not significantly affect plaque pH values, implying that two solutions are non-fermentable and do not support bacterial survival

Development and validation of social-cognitive theory based oral cancer awareness assessment tool for adolescents

Introduction: Creating oral cancer awareness among adolescents will bring change by modifying the risk factors responsible for oral cancer. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one promising theory for developing oral cancer awareness programmes among school adolescents. However, data are limited on SCT-based intervention assessment in creating oral cancer awareness among rural community. To develop and validate a SCT-based Oral Cancer Awareness (SCT-OCA) assessment/survey tool for evaluation of intervention implementation. Material and Methods: A mixed method design encompassing both qualitative and quantitative was accomplished to develop and validate the assessment tool for rural setting. Methods and Material: Domains and items for SCT-OCA assessment tool for adolescents were selected using subject matter expert. A 21-item assessment tool was developed using three rounds of Delphi technique and validated using Lawshe method. The knowledge on oral cancer and its risk factors and key constructs of social-cognitive theory was selected as items of the tool. The final assessment tool was translated to regional language, which was used for evaluation of intervention implementation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, version 16. Descriptive statistics includes means, standard deviations and frequency. Validation using Lawshe, component factor analysis and Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated. Results: The overall content validity ratio was agreeable, and 21 items were finally selected in assessment tool. The overall Cronbach's alphas of 0.718 for survey was acceptable. The agreement was good for the domains of tool. Conclusions: This study developed the SCT-OCA assessment tool for intervention specifically designed for adolescents to measure oral cancer awareness