10 research outputs found
Effect of cadaverine on Brassica juncea (RH-30) seedlings under multiple stress - A quantitative analysis
Background: Plants, in general, are subject to various kinds of stress, biotic and abiotic, both natural and manmade.
Cadaverine (Cad) is a lysine catabolite and is involved in the growth and development of plants. The present study aimed to
determine the effects of cadaverine response on the induction of polypeptide profile under multiple stresses in leaf and root
tissues of Brassica juncea, and to diagnose the changes in gene expression (if any). The protein content was analyzed using SDSPAGE and the results were further validated using densitometry. The basal medium used for tissue culture was MS medium,
formulated with different stress conditions and treatments without and with Cad (100mM NaCl, 1mM Cd or Pb, 5mM NH4NO3,
1mM cadaverine). Cad treatment showed increased protein content in the presence of NH4NO3, even in seedlings provided/
supplemented with multiple stresses. The protein content was analyzed using SDS-PAGE and the results were further validated
using densitometry. Supplementation of Cad induced the expression of 5 more peptides in leaf tissue, such that were not observed
in a leaf of the seedling without Cad. Cad enrichment in root tissue did not change the expression of any peptide in NaCl
environment, but it was affected in the absence of Cad by saline conditions. The activating performance of Cad in increasing the
expression of peptides, and its mitigating the different effects of multiple stresses, suggest its role in growth and development of
leaf and root tissues of Brassica juncea (RH-30)
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
Mitochondrial physiology
As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Growth response modulation by putrescine in Indian mustard <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Brassica juncea</i> L. under multiple stress</span>
262-270Plants, in general, are put to various kinds of stress, biotic and
abiotic, both natural and manmade. Infestation by insect pests and diseases,
and extreme conditions such as salinity, temperature, etc., as well as heavy
metal contamination affect their growth performance. Here, we studied the
impact of salinity and heavy metal pollution on the growth performance of
Indian Mustard Brassica juncea L. and
its amelioration by the diamine, putrescine, a known media supplement. We
evaluated the putrescine (Put) modulation potential on multiple stress effect
in 7-day old Indian mustard. The germination, seedlings length and
photosynthetic pigments decline under salinity and metal (Cd/Pb) stress
condition, alone or in combination, were checked by putrescine. The stress
induced increase in root-shoot ratio, RNA and total amino acids content, as
well as Na+/K+ ratio in leaf tissues were also comparatively
less. The increased endogenous Cd/Pb accumulation in plants exposed to either
metal further elevated under salinity was also found decelerated. However, the
multiple stressed seedlings showed increase in glutathione content, which was
further elevated with putrescine application. The increase in protein contents
in leaf under single or combined stresses in the presence of putrescine could
be a qualitative change. The differential changes in parameters examined here
resulted in improved growth (>10%) suggests stress mitigation by the
putrescine up to an extent
Effect of cadaverine on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Brassica juncea</i> (L.) under multiple stress
758-763The cadaverine (Cad), an organic diamine was
examined for its response on growth in salinity and metal stressed
B. juncea cv RH-30 vis-à-vis compared
the response of ammonium nitrate. The Cad (1 mM) application ameliorated the
effect caused by salinity and metal stress on seed germination and plant
growth. The plant growth recovery (dry biomass accumulation) was dependent on
stress and diamine type. The higher growth recovery potential of Cad under both
stresses was due to elevation in photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase
activity and organic nitrogen as well as soluble protein, It
is inferred that growth in stressed seedlings was mediated by Cad
through lowering endogenous Cd/Pb and Na+/K+ level in
leaf and shoot tissues
New vegetation type map of India prepared using satellite remote sensing: Comparison with global vegetation maps and utilities
International audienceA seamless vegetation type map of India (scale 1: 50,000) prepared using medium-resolution IRS LISS-III images is presented. The map was created using an on-screen visual interpretation technique and has an accuracy of 90%, as assessed using 15,565 ground control points. India has hitherto been using potential vegetation/forest type map prepared by Champion and Seth in 1968. We characterized and mapped further the vegetation type distribution in the country in terms of occurrence and distribution, area occupancy, percentage of protected area (PA) covered by each vegetation type, range of elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation over the past 100 years. A remote sensing-amenable hierarchical classification scheme that accommodates natural and semi-natural systems was conceptualized, and the natural vegetation was classified into forests, scrub/shrub lands and grasslands on the basis of extent of vegetation cover. We discuss the distribution and potential utility of the vegetation type map in a broad range of ecological, climatic and conservation applications from global, national and local perspectives. We used 15,565 ground control points to assess the accuracy of products available globally (i.e., GlobCover, Holdridge’s life zone map and potential natural vegetation (PNV) maps). Hence we recommend that the map prepared herein be used widely. This vegetation type map is the most comprehensive one developed for India so far. It was prepared using 23.5 m seasonal satellite remote sensing data, field samples and information relating to the biogeography, climate and soil. The digital map is now available through a web portal (http://bis.iirs.gov.in)