Experimental Studies of Suction-Monitored Direct Shear Apparatus on Perth Poorly Graded Sand

Perth, Western Australia is a semi arid climate area. A soil characteristic at a near surface layer is relatively dry due to the deep water table, low humidity and high rate of evaporation. Subsurface exploration carried out in this study indicated that most soils in Perth are classified as poorly graded sand and remain dry along the year. Therefore, most Perth soils are considered to be in an unsaturated condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the unsaturated Perth soil properties. Conventional and modified direct shear apparatuses were utilized in the shear strength evaluation of the saturated and unsaturated Perth soils. Modification of the direct shear apparatus was conducted by attaching a low capacity tensiometer to the direct shear top cap to measure the matric suction of the soil samples. The results indicate that during shear, suction is relatively low for a range of saturation degree of 50 to 100% and well within the tensiometer capacity, indicating that the modified direct shear apparatus is suitable for measuring the unsaturated poorly graded Perth sand

Analisis Material Ringan dengan Mortar Busa pada Konstruksi Timbunan Jalan

Penggunaan teknologi lintas atas (overpass) diharapkan dapat mengatasi kemacetan padaperlintasan sebidang tanpa mengganggu pergerakan transportasi yang ada. Konstruksi timbunan seringdihadapi pada beberapa masalah pekerjaan timbunan, diantaranya permasalahan penurunan akibatberat sendiri timbunan badan jalan dan akibat beban lalu lintas kendaraan. Permasalahan tersebutdapat diatasi salah satu opsinya menggunakan timbunan ringan yang dikembangkan sebagai inovasiteknologi karena mempunyai sifat self compacted menjadi material pengganti berkualitas tinggi (highgrade soil). Teknologi ini di luar negeri mulai banyak digunakan terutama di Jepang diterapkan padakonstruksi timbunan dibelakang abutmen jembatan, perkuatan dan pembentukan lereng galian ataulereng proteksi yang tegak karena keterbatasan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkanperbandingan deformasi pada tanah dasar akibat beban timbunan menggunakan timbunankonvensionaldengan timbunan ringanyang dianalisis menggunakan program Plaxis. Metode dalampenelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu penelitian dengan mengumpulkan data primer dansekunder dari parameter serta variabel yang diteliti kemudian dianalisis untuk diambilkesimpulan.Data-data yang digunakan mencakup data tanah dasar dan timbunan yang diambil darilokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan program Plaxis, teknologi penggunaan timbunan ringanmemberikan nilai penurunan lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan timbunan konvensional.Penggunaan timbunanringandapat mengurangi beban timbunan karena beratnya ringan, kekuatancukup tinggi untuk subgrade, berat isi dan kuat tekan dapat didesain sesuai keinginan sehingga dapatmengurangi dampak penurunan pada jalan diatasnya

Water Footprint Analysis in Krueng Aceh Watershed, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Water is one the most important natural resources to maintain human life and all other living things in the earth. Around 65% water were consumed for drinking purpose, while others were used for daily needs. The increasing amount of work on water use and scarcity in relation to consumption and trade has led to the emergence of the field of Water Footprint (WF). Climate change, rural development, world population growth and industrialization have placed considerable stress on the local availability of water resources. Thus, it is necessary to perform study in order to analyze water demands and supply for sustainable water availability. Recently, water footprint analysis has been widely draw attention to the scientists and engineers. The water footprint analysis is closely related with virtual water from which it is defined as total water volume used for consumption and trade. The main aim of this present study is to analyze and assess the total water requirement based on community water footprint in Krueng Aceh watershed area. The virtual water used in this study are dominant consumption food commodities. The result shows that water footprint per capita in Krueng Aceh watershed area was 674.52 m3/year. Water footprint for rural and urban population were 608.27 m3/year and 740.77 m3/year respectively. The WF of food consumption in urban area of Krueng Aceh watershed is 690.74 m3 / capita / year and 584.22 m3/capita/year or average 625.69 m3/capita/year, while for non-food, the WF per capita is 24.05 m3/year in rural or 32.46% of the total water footprint. Non-food consumption per capita in Krueng Aceh and in urban areas is 50.03 m3/year or 67.53%. The total water demand based on the water footprint is 378,906,655.05 m3 in 2015 which is consumed by most of residents in the Krueng Aceh watershed area. Furthermore, total WF in rural and urban area are 193,489,128.95 m3 and 185,417,526.10 m3 respectively

Suction-monitored direct shear apparatus: A simple device for unsaturated soil testing

Two very common devices used in unsaturated shear strength tests are suction-controlled direct shear apparatus and triaxial devices. During the tests, matric suction is applied to the specimen by controlling pore air and pore water pressure. Compared to using triaxial device, the suction-controlled direct shear apparatus is considered to be simpler to use due to the shorter drainage path of the specimen. A relatively new and a simpler technique for unsaturated shear strength is the suction-monitored direct shear test. The device is made by modifying the conventional direct shear apparatus with the attachment of low capacity tensiometer on its top cap; this is connected to an electronic readout monitor which assesses negative pore pressure during the test. The aim of the study is to find out the capability of the suction-monitored direct shear apparatus with regard to use in unsaturated soil. Conventional, as well as suctionmonitored direct shear tests have been conducted on various compacted brown sand-kaolin clay mixtures of differing proportions.The first one was performed to obtain the effective shear strength parameters of the saturated specimen, with subsequent testing carried out on unsaturated specimens. The results indicates that in general, shear strength with respect to matric suction, exhibits a bilinear envelope with an initial value of fb higher than the effective internal friction f. This phenomenon was due to the effect of dilation on the strength development of sand. Matric suction of the specimen was generated indirectly by adjusting the specimen's water content to the desired value, and for this purpose the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) can be a very useful tool for predicting the required water content. Despite the suction capacity of the tensiometer being relatively low, the suction-monitored direct shear apparatus was effective for soil with a low high entry value, such as sand or sand with relatively small portion of fine grained material

Experimental study of suction-monitored CBR test on sand-kaolin clay mixture

Conventional laboratory CBR test has been widely used for predicting bearing capacity of subgrade layer for pavement design. In unsaturated soil, suction is one of the key parameters for understanding the soil behavior. The analysis of CBR is commonly presented in CBR-water content relation. The information of CBR based on soil suction is very rare and more study is still required. This paper presents a laboratory experiment of CBR test with direct suction measurement. Suction-monitored CBR test is introduced by attaching tensiometers on CBR mold and its surcharge. The standard compacted test on various proportions of sand-kaolin clay mixtures starting from 0% (pure sand), 5%, 10%, and 20% of clay were used. The tests were performed with different value of water content in both soaked and unsoaked conditions. The results indicated that the CBR versus matric suction forms a bi-linear curve. The discussion is presented in term of CBR-water content and CBR-matric suction relation

Investigating the Link Between Conflict Management, Compensation, Work Motivation on Employee Performance Sales People

In today's modern industry, where intense competition between companies in the global economic era requires companies to always be the foremost and best in providing satisfying services to consumers. In this case the sales force is one of the company's human resources that has a role in achieving the company's goals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of conflict management, compensation, work motivation on the employee performance of sales people. The sampling technique the researchers used is proportional random sampling. In this study, researchers used 200 samples taken. The number of population is one dealer with four different ones, so the sample is also different. The number of sales people who were sampled 200 respondents from 302 salespeople. The sample size is proportional to the population at each dealer. Statistical tools used in this research is Structural Equation Model (SEM). Data are analyzed by using statistical software LISREL 8.5. This study resulted in the finding that Conflict management has positive effect on work motivation. Conflict management has positive effect on employee performance. Compensation has positive effect on work motivation. Compensation has positive effect on employee performance. Work motivation has positive effect on employee performance. Conflict Management also has an indirect influence through work motivation. Compensation also has an indirect influence through work motivation