Visualization techniques for routing protocols and router configurations

An autonomous system (AS) is a group of routers managed by a particular organization. Exterior gateway protocols (EGP) are used between AS\u27s Internal Gateway Protocols (IGP) is used within an AS. The most common protocols used with TCP/IP are RIP, OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), IGRP / Enhanced IGRP. The thesis revolves around OSPF protocol OSPF uses flooding to exchange link-state updates between routers. Any change in routing information is flooded to all routers in the network. Areas are introduced to put a boundary on the explosion of link-state updates. Flooding and calculation of the Dijkstra algorithm on a router is limited to changes within an area. Routers that belong to multiple areas, called area border routers (ABR), have the duty of disseminating routing information or routing changes between areas. Once information about routers is gathered there is no way to clearly visualize and manipulate it visually. The thesis was aimed at visualizing this kind of Router configuration information Visually using powerful tools and to be able to manipulate the figure generated. It also aimed visualizing bottleneck paths in the router configurations. The Powerful features of Java 3D were utilized for Visualization. We utilized the GMatrix class in the Java 3D API to store the router information. This was mapped onto a 3D Cylinder. Also due to the platform independence, robustness, scalability Java was the choice for such a development since routers would be cross platform

Propuesta de aplicación turística para Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Santa Cruz Smart

Este trabajo se centra en analizar la necesidad de Santa Cruz de obtener su propia aplicación turística ante el creciente uso los medios digitales, que ha ido cobrando cada vez más importancia a lo largo de los años, máxime con la pandemia existente. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta datos turísticos de Santa Cruz de Tenerife con el objetivo de conocer la situación actual a la que se enfrenta la ciudad y se han usado diversas herramientas como un benchmarking, un análisis DAFO y un lienzo de negocio que han permitido analizar todos los aspectos en torno a la creación de la aplicación que se pretende desarrollar. Por último, se ha elaborado de forma prospectiva el contenido de la aplicación y se ha confeccionado un plan de publicidad. El objetivo deseado que se pretende conseguir con el desarrollo de esta aplicación es el de dar a conocer todos los recursos de Santa Cruz e incentivar el consumo y aumentar la estancia de los turistas receptores.This project has focused on analysing the need for Santa Cruz de Tenerife to obtain its touristic application in the context of the growing use of digitalization, which has become increasingly more important over the years and even more so now with the existing pandemic. To achieve this, tourism data from Santa Cruz de Tenerife have been taken into account to understand the current situation that the city is facing and various tools have been used, such as a benchmarking, a SWOT analysis and a business model canvas, which have allowed to analyse all the aspects surrounding the creation of the application that is intended to be developed. Finally, the content of the application has been developed prospectively and an advertising plan has been drafted. The desired objective to be achieved with the development of this application is to promote all the resources of Santa Cruz and to encourage economic consumption and increase the length of stay of the tourist

Performance of ChatGPT on the US Fundamentals of Engineering Exam: Comprehensive Assessment of Proficiency and Potential Implications for Professional Environmental Engineering Practice

In recent years, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of large language models like GPT-4, demonstrating potential applications in various fields, including education. This study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of using ChatGPT, a GPT-4 based model, in achieving satisfactory performance on the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Environmental Exam. This study further shows a significant improvement in the model's accuracy when answering FE exam questions through noninvasive prompt modifications, substantiating the utility of prompt modification as a viable approach to enhance AI performance in educational contexts. Furthermore, the findings reflect remarkable improvements in mathematical capabilities across successive iterations of ChatGPT models, showcasing their potential in solving complex engineering problems. Our paper also explores future research directions, emphasizing the importance of addressing AI challenges in education, enhancing accessibility and inclusion for diverse student populations, and developing AI-resistant exam questions to maintain examination integrity. By evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in the context of the FE Environmental Exam, this study contributes valuable insights into the potential applications and limitations of large language models in educational settings. As AI continues to evolve, these findings offer a foundation for further research into the responsible and effective integration of AI models across various disciplines, ultimately optimizing the learning experience and improving student outcomes.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

“Did I choose the right University?” Examining the Influence of Post-Purchase Cognitive Dissonance on Word-of-Mouth Behaviours among University Students in the UK.

Research on post-purchase cognitive dissonance has provided marketers with valuable information over the years, with many authors applying Leon Festinger's (1957) ground-breaking "Theory of Cognitive Dissonance" to various contexts and industries. However, there remains little understanding of how psychological experience of dissonance affects other consumer actions, such as word of mouth. Moreover, application of the theory within marketing has predominantly focused on tangible products and goods, whilst side-lining experiences of dissonance in high involvement services contexts including the University experience. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the influence of post-purchase cognitive dissonance on word of mouth behaviour. The study’s participants included 117 students studying at a University in the UK and were requested to complete an online questionnaire survey. The findings of the study suggest there are various factors (antecedents) leading University students to experience cognitive dissonance, and this influences the valence, nature, richness, strength of delivery, volume, and number of contacts of WoM behaviours they engage in. Furthermore, culture was not found to have a significant influence on students' behaviour. Implications for marketers operating in the UK’s higher education industry are highlighted, to help them understand effective ways of managing post-purchase dissonance and encouraging positive WoM behaviours

The Use of Coronary CT Angiography for the Evaluation of Chest Pain

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) may improve the diagnosis and management of acute and stable chest pain syndromes. The key for caregivers of patients presenting with acute chest pain is the early identification and management of life-threatening conditions, such as acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, and acute aortic dissection. The main goal in stable chest pain syndromes is to determine the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. This review article will critically evaluate the current literature supporting the evidence for the clinical use of CCTA in acute and stable chest pain syndromes, considering the latest innovations in CCTA technology and their potential impact on patient care

Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours in the Imatinib era: a surgeon's perspective

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Surgical resection has remained the mainstay of treatment of GIST with a 5-year-survival of 28–35%. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imatinib) has revolutionised the treatment of these tumours. The current research is directed towards expanding the role of this drug in the treatment of GIST. We present our experience of managing GIST in this institute.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a case note study of patients identified from a prospectively kept database from January 2000 to August 2007.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>16 patients were diagnosed with GIST. The median age was 66 years (range 46 to 82) and the male to female ratio was 9:7. Eleven patients underwent surgery, 9 of which had R0 resection (2 laparoscopic, 1 converted to open), one had an open biopsy and one had a debulking procedure. 3 patients were inoperable and 2 were found to be unfit for surgery. Five patients received Imatinib (2 postoperatively). The risk assessment based on morphological criteria showed that 4 patients had low, 4 had intermediate and 8 had high malignant potential. The median follow up was for 12 months (range 3–72); 2 patients died of unrelated causes at 6 and 9 months after diagnosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Most GISTs can be managed effectively using existing protocols. However currently there is no evidence based guidance available on the management of GIST in the following situations-role of debulking surgery, the follow up of benign tumours not requiring surgical resection and role of laparoscopic surgery. Further research is needed to answer these questions.</p

Galbladder perforation: The importance of standardised treatment algorithms

Von H. Barfo

Quantitative coronary plaque analysis predicts high-risk plaque morphology on coronary computed tomography angiography: results from the ROMICAT II trial

Semi-automated software can provide quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic plaques on coronary CT angiography (CTA). The relationship between established qualitative high-risk plaque features and quantitative plaque measurements has not been studied. We analyzed the association between quantitative plaque measurements and qualitative high-risk plaque features on coronary CTA. We included 260 patients with plaque who underwent coronary CTA in the Rule Out Myocardial Infarction/Ischemia Using Computer Assisted Tomography (ROMICAT) II trial. Quantitative plaque assessment and qualitative plaque characterization were performed on a per coronary segment basis. Quantitative coronary plaque measurements included plaque volume, plaque burden, remodeling index, and diameter stenosis. In qualitative analysis, high-risk plaque was present if positive remodeling, low CT attenuation plaque, napkin-ring sign or spotty calcium were detected. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between quantitative and qualitative high-risk plaque assessment. Among 888 segments with coronary plaque, high-risk plaque was present in 391 (44.0%) segments by qualitative analysis. In quantitative analysis, segments with high-risk plaque had higher total plaque volume, low CT attenuation plaque volume, plaque burden and remodeling index. Quantitatively assessed low CT attenuation plaque volume (odds ratio 1.12 per 1 mm3, 95% CI 1.04-1.21), positive remodeling (odds ratio 1.25 per 0.1, 95% CI 1.10-1.41) and plaque burden (odds ratio 1.53 per 0.1, 95% CI 1.08-2.16) were associated with high-risk plaque. Quantitative coronary plaque characteristics (low CT attenuation plaque volume, positive remodeling and plaque burden) measured by semi-automated software correlated with qualitative assessment of high-risk plaque features

A Case of Primary Cardiac B-cell Lymphoma Diagnosed with Cardiac MRI

Primary cardiac tumors account for only 0.3% of all cardiac tumors; of these, lymphomas account for only 2% of all primary cardiac tumors. Cardiac lymphomas have a grim prognosis, often less than 1 year due to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac MRI is the gold standard for the imaging of cardiac tumors. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man with no significant past medical history who presented to the emergency department with a large pericardial effusion that was found to be consistent with cardiac lymphoma on cardiac MRI prior to tissue diagnosis of a primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The clinical and radiological features of cardiac lymphoma are reviewed, and the therapeutic management and side-effects that the patient experienced are discussed

Jejunal perforation caused by a feeding jejunostomy tube: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and feeding jejunostomy are used for providing long-term nutritional support to patients with neurological disorders. Various mechanical complications of these procedures are described.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of a 17-year-old boy with cerebral injury who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube changed to a feeding jejunostomy tube. Twenty-four hours later he developed abdominal pain and became clinically septic. A contrast study through the feeding tube and a subsequent computed tomography scan did not reveal any intra-abdominal pathology. At laparotomy it was discovered that the tip of the feeding tube had perforated through the jejunal wall and was lying outside the lumen. This was successfully treated by re-inserting a feeding jejunostomy tube distally and closure of the perforation and previous FJ site</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that the threshold for contrast studies and operative intervention should be low in neurologically impaired patients to avoid the delay in treatment of tube-related complications.</p