Induksi Kalus Dan Optimasi Regenerasi Empat Varietas Padi Melalui Kultur in Vitro

A study was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor, to obtain an optimum medium formulation for calli regenerations of for rice varities (Ciherang, Cisadane, IR64, and T-309). The research activities were done in five steps, i.e., callus induction, callus regeneration, shoot multiplication, root formation, and plant acclimatization. The type of explants used in the study was embriozygotic explants. Five media formulations were used for the callus induction, while four media formulations were used for the callus regeneration. The results showed that the best medium formulation for induction of callus formation was MS + 2,4-D 2 mg/l + casein hidrolisat 3 mg/l, while the best medium formulation for callus regeneration was MS + BA 3 mg/l + thidiazuron 0,1 mg/l

Introduksi Gen DefH9-iaaM Dan DefH9-RI-iaaM Ke Dalam Genom Tanaman Tomat Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

Introduction of DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM GeneInto Tomato Genome Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih. Plant genetic improvementcan be conducted through genetic engineering.Parthenocarpic fruit production could increase fruitproduction and its qulities. IAA genes were introduced intothree tomato cultivars Ratna, Opal and LV 6117 using twoconstract genes DefH9-iaaM and DefH9-RI-iaaM. The iaaMgene is able to increase auxin biosynthesis in transgenicplant cells and organs because indol-eacetamide,synthesized by the product of the iaaM gene, is convertedeither chemically or enzimatically to indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), while the promotor DefH9 enable IAA gene expressedspecifically in the ovules. The objectives of this experimentwas to identify gene introduction into plant genom of threetomato cultivars. The factors tested were two constract ofIAA genes (DefH9-iaaM or DefH9-RI-iaaM), tomato cultivars(Ratna, Opal, and LV 6117) and time of explant inoculation(5, 15, 30 minute). The result showed that the best timeinoculation was 5 minute. Otherwise three tomato cultivarsresponse better to DefH9-RI-iaaM than DefH9-iaaM. The totalefficiency of regeneration and total efficiency oftransformation of both genes were 25.38% and 20.32%. PCRanalysis showed that 10 plant have positive PCR, were 1plant carried (Opal) DefH9-iaaM gene and 9 plant (Ratna,Opal, LV 6117) carried DefH9-RI-iaaM gene

Increasing Al-Tolerance of Sugarcane Using Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and In Vitro Selection in the Low pH Media

Increased production of sugarcane in Indonesia can be done with extensification sugarcane plantations which largely dominated by acidic upland red-yellow podzolic soil. High aluminium (Al) content and low pH of the soil can inhibit plant growth and development. Tolerant sugarcane in acid soil is the most efficient way, but the adaptive variety is still limited. In vitro culture technique can increase genetic variability to assemble new varieties through somaclonal variation combined with mutation using ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The new characters was directed by in vitro selection using AlCl3.6H2O with pH = 4 as a component of selection for resistance to high aluminium. VMC 7616 and PS 862 varieties were used as materials. Mutation induced using EMS at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Plantlets mutant obtained through callus formation, immersion callus in EMS, in vitro selection, and regeneration of callus. Result of study showed that the long immersion in the EMS solution caused greater damage to the cells, as indicated by the change in callus colour. Callus immersion time in EMS gave greater influence to regeneration compared to concentration of EMS. PS 862 had higher Al tolerance than VMC 7616. Rooting of shoot induced using indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 3 mg/L

Pengujian Nomor-nomor Harapan Padi Tahan Al Dan PH Rendah Hasil Seleksi in Vitro Dengan Kultur Hara

Rice productivity in acid soil is very low because of low pH,low availability of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mo, toxicity of Al and Mn.Development of Al tolerant varieties could increase riceproductivity in acid soil. Somaclonal variation and in vitroselection method can be used to develop new Al tolerancevarieties. A rapid screening method is needed to select alarge number of new genotypes or new inbred lines in plantbreeding, such as solution culture methods to evalu-ate Altolerantrice. This methods was used to know the responseto Al in the seedling stage, root development, and pHchanging. In this experiment solution culture method wasused to evaluate the new genotypes derived from somaclonalvariation and in vitro selection methods. These newgenotypes have been tested the tolerance characteristic byusing AlCl36H2O at 6 concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400,and 500 ppm). Yoshida solution with two Al concentrationwere used to tested these genotypes. Measurement of Altolerance was based on root development by using RelativeRoot Length (RRL), the relativity of root length at 45 ppm and0 ppm. Almost all of the genotypes have RRLs higher than0.7, which means that there was a positive correlationbetween the in vitro method and solution culture method. Inthis experiment pH changes were not applicable to measurethe tolerance of the rice genotypes to Al and low pH

Pengaruh Bap Dan Naa Terhadap Induksi Kalus Dan Kandungan Artemisinin Dari Artemisia Annua L. [the Effect of Bap and Naa on Callus Induction and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia Annua L.]

Malaria is a global health problem that threatens 300-500 million people and kills more than one million people annually.Artemisinin, a sesquiterpen secondary plant metabolite extracted from Artemisia annua L., is a promising and potent antimalarial drug which has a remarkable activity against chloroquine resistant to Plasmodium falciparum. To counter the present low content(0.01-0.5%) of artemisinin in A. annua L.is a limitation to commercial production of the drug and uneconomical chemical synthesis. A research was conducted to induce callus production by using Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium added with NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/1) and BAP (0, 0.5 dan 1 mg/1) and also to produce artemisinin from the calli. Complete Randomized Design was used in the research. Callus cultures were induced from leaf explants of A. annua. The research reports succesful approach for production of artemisinin by callus cultures of A. Annua. Medium formulation of MS basal media added with plant growth regulators BAP 0.5 mg/1 and NAA 0.5 mg/1 give the best result for callus induction than others, with callus fresh weight 844,4 mg, artemisinin content 0.73%, dry weight 216.6 mg and total weight of artemisinin 1.58 mg

Penyimpanan in Vitro Tanaman Obat Daun Dewa Melalui Pertumbuhan Minimal

Daun dewa (Gynura Procumbens) is a medicinal crop commonly used to remedy cancer, diabetes, and dermatitis. It has a bright prospect for future used. Plant preservations through tissue culture is done to anticipate an urgent need. An experiment was carried out to in vitro preservation of Daun Dewa by the minimum growth and regeneration to examine viability of the culture after the preservation. Terminal shoots (±1 cm) were cultured on a 1/2 MS basic medium + paclobutrazol (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) or ABA (1, 2, and 5 mg/l). The trial was arranged in a, completely randomized with 10 replications. The results showed a three-month preservation of the culture on a medium containing ABA inhibited proliferation and expansion of the plant shoots. Increasing ABA concentrations up to 5 mg/l, according to the shoot-growth inhibition, resulted in the height of 0.6 cm. After three month preservation, the shoots were able to produce roots. After 12 month preservation, the optimum capacity of growth inhibition was shown on 1/2 MS medium + ABA (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The application of paclobutrazol (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) in the medium produced low multiplication level of shoots, the length of the shoots remains higher than those on 1/2 MS medium without paclobutrazol. Seven months after preservation, viability of the plants was still high when cultured on MS medium + 2 mg/l BA combined with paclobutrazol and ABA as previously given. In addition, the rooted culture could be directly acclimatized in the glasshouse. The lowest number of shoot and shortest shoot after 12 month preservation period was found on the medium containing 5 mg/l ABA and 4 mg/l paclobutrazol, this treatment produced two shoots of 4 cm long. The best medium for the explant regeneration after 7 month preservation was MS + 2 mg/l BA. The plant shoots produced roots directly after they were acclimatized in the glasshouse

Penyimpanan In Vitro Tanaman Obat Daun Dewa melalui Pertumbuhan Minimal

Daun dewa (Gynura Procumbens) is a medicinal crop commonly used to remedy cancer, diabetes, and dermatitis. It has a bright prospect for future used. Plant preservations through tissue culture is done to anticipate an urgent need. An experiment was carried out to in vitro preservation of Daun Dewa by the minimum growth and regeneration to examine viability of the culture after the preservation. Terminal shoots (±1 cm) were cultured on a 1/2 MS basic medium + paclobutrazol (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) or ABA (1, 2, and 5 mg/l). The trial was arranged in a, completely randomized with 10 replications. The results showed a three-month preservation of the culture on a medium containing ABA inhibited proliferation and expansion of the plant shoots. Increasing ABA concentrations up to 5 mg/l, according to the shoot-growth inhibition, resulted in the height of 0.6 cm. After three month preservation, the shoots were able to produce roots. After 12 month preservation, the optimum capacity of growth inhibition was shown on 1/2 MS medium + ABA (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The application of paclobutrazol (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/l) in the medium produced low multiplication level of shoots, the length of the shoots remains higher than those on 1/2 MS medium without paclobutrazol. Seven months after preservation, viability of the plants was still high when cultured on MS medium + 2 mg/l BA combined with paclobutrazol and ABA as previously given. In addition, the rooted culture could be directly acclimatized in the glasshouse. The lowest number of shoot and shortest shoot after 12 month preservation period was found on the medium containing 5 mg/l ABA and 4 mg/l paclobutrazol, this treatment produced two shoots of 4 cm long. The best medium for the explant regeneration after 7 month preservation was MS + 2 mg/l BA. The plant shoots produced roots directly after they were acclimatized in the glasshouse

PENGARUH BAP DAN NAA TERHADAP INDUKSI KALUS DAN KANDUNGAN ARTEMISININ DARI Artemisia annua L.

Malaria is a global health problem that threatens 300-500 million people and kills more than one million people annually.Artemisinin, a sesquiterpen secondary plant metabolite extracted from Artemisia annua L., is a promising and potent antimalarial drug which has a remarkable activity against chloroquine resistant to Plasmodium falciparum. To counter the present low content(0.01-0.5%) of artemisinin in A. annua L.is a limitation to commercial production of the drug and uneconomical chemical synthesis. A research was conducted to induce callus production by using Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium added with NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg/1) and BAP (0, 0.5 dan 1 mg/1) and also to produce artemisinin from the calli. Complete Randomized Design was used in the research. Callus cultures were induced from leaf explants of A. annua. The research reports succesful approach for production of artemisinin by callus cultures of A. Annua. Medium formulation of MS basal media added with plant growth regulators BAP 0.5 mg/1 and NAA 0.5 mg/1 give the best result for callus induction than others, with callus fresh weight 844,4 mg, artemisinin content 0.73%, dry weight 216.6 mg and total weight of artemisinin 1.58 mg