Factors affecting the pop-ability of pop corn

Compared with our leading crops pop corn is of minor importance from the standpoints of both world and domestic product ion. However, it holds an important place in many states, especially in certain localities. The census report gives the acreage of pop corn in 1909 for the eleven leading pop corn producing states, namely, Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, Kansas, Ohio, Michigan, California, Indiana, Hew York, Minnesota, and Wisconsin as 11,343 acres; valued at #285,286. Although the average farm usually grows a small acreage as high as 1000 acres is reported as being grown by one Iowa producer

Higher Absolute Lymphocyte Counts Predict Lower Mortality from Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in pretreatment biopsies are associated with improved survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We investigated whether higher peripheral lymphocyte counts are associated with lower breast cancer–specific mortality (BCM) and overall mortality (OM) in TNBC. Experimental Design: Data on treatments and diagnostic tests from electronic medical records of two health care systems were linked with demographic, clinical, pathologic, and mortality data from the California Cancer Registry. Multivariable regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, cancer stage, grade, neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy use, radiotherapy use, and germline BRCA1/2 mutations were used to evaluate associations between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), BCM, and OM. For a subgroup with TIL data available, we explored the relationship between TILs and peripheral lymphocyte counts. Results: A total of 1,463 stage I–III TNBC patients were diagnosed from 2000 to 2014; 1,113 (76%) received neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy within 1 year of diagnosis. Of 759 patients with available ALC data, 481 (63.4%) were ever lymphopenic (minimum ALC <1.0 K/μL). On multivariable analysis, higher minimum ALC, but not absolute neutrophil count, predicted lower OM [HR = 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.35] and BCM (HR = 0.19; CI, 0.11–0.34). Five-year probability of BCM was 15% for patients who were ever lymphopenic versus 4% for those who were not. An exploratory analysis (n = 70) showed a significant association between TILs and higher peripheral lymphocyte counts during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: Higher peripheral lymphocyte counts predicted lower mortality from early-stage, potentially curable TNBC, suggesting that immune function may enhance the effectiveness of early TNBC treatment

Fumaroylamino-4,5-epoxymorphinans and Related Opioids with Irreversible μ Opioid Receptor Antagonist Effects

We have previously shown that cinnamoyl derivatives of 14β-amino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydronormorphinone and 7α-aminomethyl-6,14-endoethanonororipavine have pronounced pseudoirreversible μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonism. The present communication describes the synthesis and evaluation of fumaroylamino analogues of these cinnamoylamino derivatives together with some related fumaroyl derivatives. The predominant activity of the new ligands was MOR antagonism. The fumaroylamino analogues (<b>2a</b>, <b>5a</b>) of the pseudoirreversible antagonist cinnamoylamino morphinones and oripavines (<b>2b</b>, <b>5b</b>) were themselves irreversible antagonists in vivo. However the fumaroylamino derivatives had significantly higher MOR efficacy than the cinnamoylamino derivatives in mouse antinociceptive tests. Comparison of <b>2a</b> and <b>5a</b> with the prototypic fumaroylamino opioid β-FNA (<b>1a</b>) shows that they have similar MOR irreversible antagonist actions but differ in the nature of their opioid receptor agonist effects; <b>2a</b> is a predominant MOR agonist and <b>5a</b> shows no opioid receptor selectivity, whereas the agonist effect of β-FNA is clearly κ opioid receptor (KOR) mediated