The impact of the Great Exhibition of 1851 on the development of technical education during the second half of the nineteenth century

This paper examines the contribution made by the mechanics’ institute movement in Britain just prior to, and following, the opening of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London. It argues that far from making little contribution to education, as often portrayed by historians, the movement was ideally positioned to respond to the findings of the Exhibition, which were that foreign goods on display were often more advanced than those produced in Britain. The paper highlights, through a regional study, how well suited mechanics’ institutes were in organising their own exhibitions, providing the idea of this first international exhibition. Subsequently, many offered nationally recognised technical subject examinations through relevant education as well as informing government commissions, prior to the passing of the Technical Instruction Acts in 1889 and the Local Taxation Act of 1890. These acts effectively put mechanics’ institutes into state ownership as the first step in developing further education for all in Britai

Machines and the mechanisms of representation The display of design in mid-nineteenth-century Britain

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX179515 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Developing the future Indigenous health workforce: The feasibility and impact of a student-led placement programme in remote Indigenous communities.

To describe and evaluate a programme where medical students designed and implemented Indigenous health placements for students with an interest in rural/Indigenous health. In 2011, a student-led programme at the University of Adelaide was set up to give medical students the opportunity to undertake outreach trips and clinical placements in remote Indigenous communities. Twenty-four medical students attended trips to remote communities between 2012 and 2014. Here we evaluate our programme using a single-arm experimental design. Responses to questionnaire items before and after attending an outreach placement, scored on 6-point Likert scales. Following their remote Indigenous health placement, participants expressed a significantly higher mean likelihood of working in an Indigenous community in the future (3.17 (2.69-3.64) versus 4.00 (3.65-4.35); P < 0.007). Furthermore, after their placement participants felt better prepared to work in Indigenous communities (mean 1.79 (1.44-2.14) versus 3.21 (2.88-3.54); P < 0.001). A placement programme initiated and run by medical students can provide meaningful exposure to Indigenous health. Implementation of this student-led model in other medical schools may encourage nationwide development of the Indigenous health workforce

EP(4) prostanoid receptor-mediated vasodilatation of human middle cerebral arteries

1. Dilatation of the cerebral vasculature is recognised to be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. Furthermore, elevated levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) occur in the blood, plasma and saliva of migraineurs during an attack, suggestive of a contributory role. In the present study, we have characterised the prostanoid receptors involved in the relaxation and contraction of human middle cerebral arteries in vitro. 2. In the presence of indomethacin (3 μM) and the TP receptor antagonist GR32191 (1 μM), PGE(2) was found to relax phenylephrine precontracted cerebral arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner (mean pEC(50) 8.0±0.1, n=5). 3. Establishment of a rank order of potency using the EP(4)>EP(2) agonist 11-deoxy PGE(1), and the EP(2)>EP(4) agonist PGE(1)-OH (mean pEC(50) of 7.6±0.1 (n=6) and 6.4±0.1 (n=4), respectively), suggested the presence of functional EP(4) receptors. Furthermore, the selective EP(2) receptor agonist butaprost at concentrations <1 μM failed to relax the tissues. 4. Blockade of EP(4) receptors with the EP(4) receptor antagonists AH23848 and EP(4)A caused significant rightward displacements in PGE(2) concentration–response curves, exhibiting pA(2) and pK(B) values of 5.7±0.1, n=3, and 8.4, n=3, respectively. 5. The IP receptor agonists iloprost and cicaprost relaxed phenylephrine precontracted cerebral arterial rings (mean pEC(50) values 8.3±0.1 (n=4) and 8.1±0.1 (n=9), respectively). In contrast, the DP and FP receptor agonists PGD(2) and PGF(2α) failed to cause appreciable relaxation or contraction at concentrations of up to 30 μM. In the absence of phenylephrine contraction and GR32191, the TP receptor agonist U46619 caused concentration-dependent contraction of cerebral artery (mean pEC(50) 7.4±0.3, n=3). 6. These data demonstrate the presence of prostanoid EP(4) receptors mediating PGE(2) vasodilatation of human middle cerebral artery. IP receptors mediating relaxation and TP receptors mediating contraction were also functionally demonstrated

Making Gender with Things

What do objects have to teach historians who seek to understand better the workings of gender? This issue of Clio HGF « Making Gender with Things » attempts to answer this question. Focusing on the specificity of material culture from biblical times to the present, the contributors analyze political handkerchiefs, soldiers’ uniforms, jewelry, advertising games, dishes, and fragments of fabric and pottery. Some authors work from the objects themselves, others approach them through literary or visual representations. Using these varied methods and sources, the articles show how women and men use objects to construct their identities and subjectivities, how objects make gender, and how objects tell us a different history from that told by texts. Qu’est-ce que les objets ont à apprendre aux historiennes et historiens qui cherchent à mieux comprendre les dynamiques du genre ? Ce numéro de Clio HGF « Objets et fabrication du genre » tente de répondre à cette interrogation. En insistant sur la spécificité de la culture matérielle des temps bibliques au très contemporain, les auteur.e.s analysent des mouchoirs politiques, des uniformes de soldat, des bijoux, des jouets publicitaires, de la vaisselle, des fragments de tissu et de poteries, mais aussi des représentations littéraires et visuelles….À partir de ces approches et de ces sources variées, les articles montrent comment les femmes et les hommes se construisent grâce aux objets, comment l’objet-acteur construit le genre, comment les objets nous racontent une autre histoire que les mots