Suicide, Chruch Discipline, and Social- Cultural Sanctions

Because suicides are not a single factor, but the causes are plural and the variants or types are the same, so the approach to it is also varied. In this paper the author attempts to approach it from the sociological perspective of Émile Durkheim. Apart from that, he also approaches these cases from a pastoral point of view and traditional Batak culture. Because suicide is caused by a weak social solidarity, it is deemed necessary to take steps towards social cohesion. This study aims to describe and identify the social issue of suicide. Achieve this with qualitative research with participatory methods and phenomenology. The results of the research, namely pastoral perspectives and traditional culture can complement sociological perspectives to explain suicide (more) completely and its contribution to reforming pastoral services in the Protestant Batak of Christian Church (HKBP) and traditional Batak cultur

ENFORCEMENT OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN TRAFFIC CRIME CASES

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This scientific study aims to explore the implementation of restorative justice in cases involving fatal traffic crimes. The research focuses on the principles of law enforcement based on restorative justice for traffic accidents causing human casualties. The study adopts a normative research method, utilizing a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. The findings reveal that the application of restorative justice concepts in crime prevention practices in Indonesia, particularly in the absence of significant legislative changes to criminal procedural or criminal laws, lacks a specific framework within the context of Indonesian criminal law. The study suggests that restorative justice should be incorporated into the investigative, prosecutorial, and judicial processes, emphasizing the resolution of conflicts among the main stakeholders involved, namely victims, perpetrators, and their communities. The approach prioritizes their interests and aims to restore harmony and balance in social relations. Overall, the study underscores the importance of embracing and operationalizing restorative justice within the legal system to effectively address social problems.</p&gt