The Bending Magnets for the Proton Transfer Line of CNGS

The project "CERN neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS)", a collaboration between CERN and the INFN (Gran Sasso Laboratory) in Italy, will study neutrino oscillations in a long base-line experiment. High-energy protons will be extracted from the CERN SPS accelerator, transported through a 727 m long transfer line and focused onto a graphite target to produce a beam of pions and kaons and subsequently neutrinos. The transfer line requires a total of 78 dipole magnets. They were produced in the framework of an in-kind contribution of Germany via DESY to the CNGS project. The normal conducting dipoles, built from laminated steel cores and copper coils, have a core length of 6.3 m, a 37 mm gap height and a nominal field range of 1.38 T - 1.91 T at a maximum current of 4950 A. The magnet design was a collaboration between CERN and BINP. The half-core production was subcontracted to EFREMOV Institute; the coil fabrication, magnet assembly and the field measurements were concluded at BINP in June 2004. The main design issues and results of the acceptance tests, including mechanical, electrical and magnetic field measurements, are discussed

Fast algorithm of planning a robot's path in 2-dimensional space on the basis of triangulation

This article describes an approach to solution of a problem of planning a mobile robot's path in 2-dimentional space with obstacles. It gives the problem statement, which implies that there is no prior information about surrounding environment. It is supposed that the robot gathers real-time information via on-board sensors. The article also presents a theoretical analysis of such approach performance, along with comparison of the proposed approach to the existing ones, and demonstration of the suggested one's advantages. The simulation experiment results fully proving the theoretical thesis are also represented

Fast algorithm of planning a robot's path in 2-dimensional space on the basis of triangulation

This article describes an approach to solution of a problem of planning a mobile robot's path in 2-dimentional space with obstacles. It gives the problem statement, which implies that there is no prior information about surrounding environment. It is supposed that the robot gathers real-time information via on-board sensors. The article also presents a theoretical analysis of such approach performance, along with comparison of the proposed approach to the existing ones, and demonstration of the suggested one's advantages. The simulation experiment results fully proving the theoretical thesis are also represented

The coil of the MBI bending magnets for the LHC injection transfer lines

All MBI bending magnets in each of the two LHC injection transfer lines will be powered in series. The limited output voltage of existing power converters lead to an unusual coil design avoiding external return bus-bars by combining two overlapping half-coils, electrically separated, with 3 1/2 turns each in a monolithic structure. The voltage between turns in one coil can reach up-to 3.6 kV. The coil has been designed with particular care for obtaining high interturn and ground insulation. Flux-free soldering of connections with plug-in cone sleeves is applied, allowing to execute water cooled current connections as prolongation of the coil conductor. Epoxy compound polymerization in the impregnation mould is obtained by passing overheated water in regulated cycles through the water circuit of the coil conductor. We describe the design basics as well as various test results of pre-series and series produced coils. (4 refs)

Quality assessment method for design solutions of automobile service station

The continuous growth of the motorization level of the society and the dynamically changing vehicle and automobile service markets require appropriate development of the transport and automobile service infrastructure. The drastic changes in the vehicle design produce additional or new requirements to the infrastructure intended for the maintenance, service, repair and parking of vehicles. In accordance with these requirements the existing structures are retrofitted and new ones are designed and built in line with the already developed and approved designs. Due to requirements to the infrastructure and numbers of factors to be taken into consideration, the design, as a rule, have different solutions. Decision making involves several steps: formulation of a set of variants, search and selection of the preferable variant among the variants set. But this search is limited by time and computers capacities so the chosen variant is not always the optimal or rational one. The search procedure has become more complicated by parameters and requirements expressed qualitatively. The quality assessment method for the design solutions allows to reduce the search area, and thus to scan considerably greater numbers of variants and to find the best solution. This paper represents a multi-attribute method that allows to assess the quality of design solutions for automobile service station layout and to choose the best solution out of the suggested set

Quality assessment method for design solutions of automobile service station

The continuous growth of the motorization level of the society and the dynamically changing vehicle and automobile service markets require appropriate development of the transport and automobile service infrastructure. The drastic changes in the vehicle design produce additional or new requirements to the infrastructure intended for the maintenance, service, repair and parking of vehicles. In accordance with these requirements the existing structures are retrofitted and new ones are designed and built in line with the already developed and approved designs. Due to requirements to the infrastructure and numbers of factors to be taken into consideration, the design, as a rule, have different solutions. Decision making involves several steps: formulation of a set of variants, search and selection of the preferable variant among the variants set. But this search is limited by time and computers capacities so the chosen variant is not always the optimal or rational one. The search procedure has become more complicated by parameters and requirements expressed qualitatively. The quality assessment method for the design solutions allows to reduce the search area, and thus to scan considerably greater numbers of variants and to find the best solution. This paper represents a multi-attribute method that allows to assess the quality of design solutions for automobile service station layout and to choose the best solution out of the suggested set

QTG quadrupole magnets for the CNGS transfer line

The QTG quadrupole magnets will be a part of the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso (CNGS) transfer line. 23 QTG magnets will be used as lattice and matching quadrupoles. They are being produced in the framework of a German in-kind contribution via DESY to CNGS. The QTG magnets have a maximum gradient of 40 T/m at the 530 A excitation current and are manufactured from laminated steel cores. The yoke length is 2.2 m and the inscribed radius is 22.5 mm. The excitation coils are made of vacuum impregnated hollow copper conductor. The main design aspects and the results of the acceptance tests including mechanical, electrical and magnetic field measurements are described

The bending magnets for the LHC injection transfer lines

Two injection transfer lines, each about 2.8 km long, with 51 and 107 degree horizontal deflection, are being built to transfer protons at 450 GeV from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A total of 360 dipole magnets are required; they have been produced in the framework of the contribution of the Russian Federation to the construction of the LHC. The classical dipoles, built from laminated steel cores and copper coils, have a core length of 6.3 m, 25 mm gap height and a nominal field of 1.81 T at a current of 5270 A. The magnet design was made in collaboration between CERN and BINP. An unusual design has been chosen for the coils to cope with the limited voltage from the available power supplies. All magnets in each of the two lines will be powered in series. The coil is composed of overlapping, but electrically insulated, half coils of 3 1/2 turns each. Thus, the power connections for IN and OUT are placed on opposite magnet ends. Short copper braids are used to connect all upper or lower half coils in series and the whole string can be powered without power consuming cable links running alongside the magnets. Precautions are taken to avoid transmission line effects and hazards from differences in voltage between upper and lower half coil. Advantages and drawbacks of this concept are discussed as well as results of the acceptance test including mechanical, electrical and magnetic field measurements. Fabrication and measurement of the magnets at BINP, with the half core production subcontracted to EFREMOV, have been finished in June 2001. (9 refs)