Double pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on May 23, 2012).The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Thesis advisor: Dr. Tony MannIncludes bibliographical references.Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is the most common developmental orthopedic disease of dogs. Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is a surgery that can be performed at 5 months of age, prior to the development of osteoarthritis. Complication rates of 33-50% have been reported for TPO and have spurned interest in a newer technique, double pelvic osteotomy (DPO). The purpose of this thesis is to review the veterinary literature about CHD, surgical treatment options for CHD, and pelvic osteotomy in particular, and to describe two studies, an in vitro study and a retrospective clinical study comparing complication rates of TPO and DPO We conducted an anatomic study of the effects of DPO on the anatomy of the juvenile canine pelvis. Axial rotation of the acetabulum was performed by DPO of 20o, 25o, and 30o and evaluated with computed tomography in an effort to evaluate which plate size most closely resembled a 20o TPO as previously recommended. The data from this study suggest that a 25o DPO results in the most similar acetabular ventroversion compared with the 20o TPO as indicated by a high concordance correlation (0.902). It was also found that most of the ventroversion with DPO comes at the level of the pubic symphysis. A retrospective clinical study of TPO and DPO was conducted to compare complication rates between the two techniques at the University of Missouri between January 1, 2006 and May 1, 2011. Minor complication rates were similar between the TPO and DPO (46.6 and 42.9%, respectively). However, two major complications (13.3% of cases) occurred with TPO and none occurred with DPO. There were no catastrophic complications. Based on this retrospective study, both the incidence and severity of complications is lower for DPO than TPO

Explicit temperature coupling in phase-field crystal models of solidification

We present a phase-field crystal (PFC) model for solidification that accounts for thermal transport and a temperature-dependent lattice parameter. Elasticity effects are characterized through the continuous elastic field computed from the microscopic density field. We showcase the model capabilities via selected numerical investigations which focus on the prototypical growth of two-dimensional crystals from the melt, resulting in faceted shapes and dendrites. This work sets the grounds for a comprehensive mesoscale model of solidification including thermal expansion

Improved time integration for phase-field crystal models of solidification

We optimize a numerical time-stabilization routine for the phase-field crystal (PFC) models of solidification. By numerical experiments, we showcase that our approach can improve the accuracy of underlying time integration schemes by a few orders of magnitude. We investigate different time integration schemes. Moreover, as a prototypical example for applications, we extend our numerical approach to a PFC model of solidification with an explicit temperature coupling.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Matrix change of bone grafting substitute after implantation into guinea pig bulla

Background: Many different surgical techniques have been developed to remove open mastoid cavities. In addition to autologous materials, alloplastic substances have been used. A very slow absorption of these materials and extrusion reactions have been reported. We investigated a newly developed, highly porous bone grafting material to eliminate open mastoid cavities, in an animal model. To characterise the transformation process, the early tissue reactions were studied in relation to the matrix transformation of the bone material. Material and methods: NanoBone (NB), a highly porous bone grafting material based on calcium phosphate and silica, was filled into the open bullae from 20 guinea pigs. The bullae were examined histologically. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to investigate the change in the elemental composition at different sampling times. The surface topography of the sections was examined by electron microscopy. Results: After 1 week, periodic acid-Schiffs (PAS) staining demonstrated accumulation of glycogen and proteins, particularly in the border area of the NB particles. After 2 weeks, the particles were evenly coloured after PAS staining. EDX analysis showed a rapid absorption of the silica in the bone grafting material. Conclusions: NanoBone showed a rapid matrix change after implantation in the bullae of guinea pigs. The absorption of the silica matrix and replacement by PAS-positive substances like glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides seems to play a decisive role in the degradation processes of NB. This is associated with the good osteoinductive properties of the material

Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters

Crossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers are developed to overcome a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays are established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane‐impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges, and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, it is hoped to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross‐correlations between nanocarriers

A Field Report from the Sunken Village Wet Site (35MU4)

During low waters of September a wet site team, sponsored by an international grant from Japan, returned to further record the National Heritage Landmark wet site of Sunken Village (35MU4), Sauvie Island, Portland, Oregon (Figure 1). The one week project (September 16 through 22, 2007) was designed to accurately map the surface features ( especially over a hundred in situ acorn leaching pits and wooden stakes) and surface arti­facts (especially lithic debitage and fauna! remains) as revealed in the limited evaluation of I 060 linear feet (320 metres) of beach before the riprap repair was permitted by the U.S. Corps of Engineers in October of 2006 (Croes, Fagan and Zehendner 2007; a PDF copy of this 2006 field work is available on the web - see References below). The project continues to be co-man­aged through the direct in-put by Cultural Resources Protection Specialists Eirik Thorsgard, Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, and Robert Kentta, Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indi­ans and in consultation with the Confederated Tribes of Warms Springs. A joint team provided the expertise needed to carefully map and record the Sunken Village National Historic Landmark site, consisting of(a) the SPSCC Wet Site Archaeological Inves­tigations and Laboratory team, lead by Dr. Dale Croes, and the SPSCC Computer Aided Drafting Department, lead by Professor Michael Martin, (b) the AINW geoarchaeological and laboratory team, lead by Dr. Michele Punke and Maureen Zehendner, and ( c) the internationally known Wetland Archaeological Team from the National Institute for Cultural Heritage, Nara, Japan, lead by Dr. Akira Matsui. This project was conducted through the sponsorship of a Japanese international grant under the administration of Dr. Akira Matsui, Chief Archaeologist, National Institute for Cultural Heritage, Nara, Japan, as well as support through the SPSCC Anthropology Club, an SPSCC Exceptional Faculty grant, Jean and Ray Auel, and volunteers from Portland State University and the Oregon Archaeological Society. Dr. Matsui brought four Japanese associates to participate in the field work: Dr. Naoto Yamamoto, Dr. Toru Miyao, Dr. Atsushi Iwasaki, and Dr. Tomonori Kanno (Figure 2)