Combined role of Transvaginal Ultrasonogram and Aspiration Cytology of endometrium in post menopausal uterine bleeding: A Prospective study

This present prospective study analyzing the combined role of trans vaginal sonography and aspiration cytology of endometrium in postmenopausal bleeding was carried out at Government Kasturbha Gandhi Hospital, Madras Medical College during the period of October 2003 to November 2005. A total of 150 patients were included in the study All the patients underwent an initial assessment with trans vaginal sonography followed by aspiration cytology of endometrium and fractional curettage with the aim of obtaining a pathological diagnosis. All patients with abnormal findings and those coming under the category described earlier, subsequently underwent hysterectomy. The final diagnosis obtained after hysterectomy was designated as the gold standard against which the findings of transvaginal sonography and aspiration cytology of endometrium were compared and analysed for statistical significance. Observations in the study includes: Patients in the study group ranged from 40-70 years with 69.3% of them belonging to 50-60 years. • The study encompasses parous women with majority of them belonging to low socio economic status. • Most of the women (88.7%) had presented with in 6 months of onset of Complaints. • Both trans vaginal sonography and aspiration cytology of endometrium produce statistically significant results while evaluating post menopausal bleeding (p=0.000). • Trans vaginal sonogram showed a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 92%. • Aspiration cytology of endometrium in diagnosing pathology showed a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 97.1% which is equal to that of traditional fractional curettage. • Aspiration cytology missed out the diagnosis of intraluminal pathology because of its blind nature. • Combining both transvaginal sonogram and aspiration cytology of endometrium in diagnosing endometrial pathology has better accuracy. • Though transvaginal sonography identifies endometrial hyperplasia, tissue diagnosis was necessary in these cases But it obviates the need for endometrial sampling in those cases where endometrium was less than 4 mm thickness. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal sonography is initially used to evaluate patients with post menopausal uterine bleeding. • With more than 4 mm endometrial thickness as cut off, patients can be subjected to aspiration cytology of endometrium. • Being an office procedure .aspiration cytology of endometrium ,it is better than traditional D&C in diagnosing endometrial pathology. • Aspiration cytology of endometrium is still unable to identify focal pathology which needs other diagnostic modalities such as saline infusion sonography or hysteroscopy. • Hence the combination of trans vaginal sonography and aspiration cytology of endometrium can be used in diagnosing post menopausal bleeding as an out patient procedure

A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and psychosis in women undergoing cervical cancer treatment in a tertiary care center

INTRODUCTION: In India, cervical carcinoma falls in the top ten leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. The latest technological growth has ensured that there is an early detection, treatment, and management of cervical cancer which has led to longer survival rates. With recent advancement in cancer treatment, there is improved prognosis leading to longer survival rates. A five-year survival rate is 0, 1A and 1B are 80%. The longer survival has increased the psychiatric morbidity and mortality in these patients. The resultant increase in life expectancy for people with cervical cancer has led to other mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression sadly go unnoticed and untreated which at times leads to decreased quality of life and even sometimes suicide. A literature search showed that there is a gap in the literature about the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychosis in cancer cervix patients in an Indian setting. This study aims to understand the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychosis among women affected by cervical carcinoma and various factors associated with it. METHODS: A cross sectional, descriptive study was done by drawing samples from the outpatients of Radiology department at Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai with consecutive sampling from Outpatient department satisfying the selection criteria from July 2016 to July 2017. The sample was drawn from the radio therapy OPD patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer from stage 1 to 4.Sample size was 67. Data was collected using the following tools; A structured Performa to collect the socio demographic details, family history details, and clinical profile; Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A); Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D); Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS); EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) quality of life questionnaire (QLQ). Statistical analysis was done using computerized software (SPSS 20). Descriptive statistics like frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were computed. Correlation tests and chi-square tests were done for different variables and parameters. RESULTS: The majority of them were in stage three (97%, n=65) and taking radiotherapy alone (76.1%, n=51). A larger part of the participants was in the age group of 51 to 65 years (52.2%, n=35). Most of the participants (79.1%, n=53) lived in nuclear families. Summarising the study, there is a correlation between the psychiatric morbidity, sexual function and quality of life and suicidal ideation with staging, treatment and duration of the disease. Correlation tests between suicide ideation and other variables showed positive and significant correlation with duration of diagnosis, staging of cancer and radiotherapy and surgery. Correlation tests between brief psychiatry rating scales and other variables showed positive and significant correlation with duration of diagnosis, staging of cancer and radiotherapy and surgery corroborating with previous studies. There is a negative correlation between the stage of the disease and the psychological well being. Sexual dysfunction was more common after radiotherapy. Cancers that had an advanced staging at the time of diagnosis were associated with a higher risk of suicide in the first twelve months of diagnosis. New diagnosis of cervical cancer is related to moderate/severe anxiety or depression.The rate of depression is higher among women with cervical carcinoma. Majority of the women diagnosed with cancer experience mental distress. Quality of life is poor in advanced stage and in patients treated with radiotherapy. DISCUSSION: The treatment should focus on improving the overall quality of life taking into consideration the following parameters; Pre treatment assessment for psychiatric morbidity; Pre treatment counselling; Assessment during treatment for suicide, anxiety and depression; Assessment during treatment for sexual dysfunction; Appropriate treatment and psycho education for any psychiatric morbidity if detected

Land Use Pattern and Cropping Pattern of Orthanadu Block, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu using GIS

Agriculture is the most fundamental activity of mankind. Agriculture refers to the art of raising plant from soil.  This study is mainly based by agriculture.  Ortahnadu block is located in the Eastern part of Thanjavur district in Tamilnadu. The land use patterns explain from agriculture cropping pattern and changes are analyzed. Two sets of data (1997&2009) were taken in this study. Primary and secondary data’s are collected and analyzed by cropping pattern and land use pattern. The two sets of land use category mostly varied from net area sown 56.8% to 50.0% and current follow lands are 1.1% to 13.3% of increased. Others lands are not more changes. At the same year of the cropping pattern details of paddy 79.9% to 81.6%, Pulses 3.1% to 2.8%, Oil seeds 14.9% to 13.6%, Fiber is not changes the cropping pattern

Design, synthesis and characterisation of a disulphide appended sugar bis-triazole

1364-1368In this work, sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide was synthesized, characterized and the molecular structure is confirmed through different spectral techniques like NMR (1H, 13C), FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Since the target molecule possesses suitable core moiety, we anticipate that the synthesized sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide derivative can act as a sensor

Design, synthesis and characterisation of a disulphide appended sugar bis-triazole

In this work, sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide was synthesized, characterized and the molecular structure is confirmed through different spectral techniques like NMR (1H, 13C), FTIR and mass spectroscopy. Since the target molecule possesses suitable core moiety, we anticipate that the synthesized sugar-based bis-triazole appended disulfide derivative can act as a sensor

Litsea Deccanensis Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats: Evidence from Biochemical and Histological Studies

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of methanolic extract of Litsea deccanensis (MELD) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and histological changes. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with MELD (100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for a period of 21 days. After 21 days of pretreatment, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol-induced rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydro peroxides. The serum lipid levels were altered in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue evidenced myocardial damage in isoproterenol-induced rats. The oral pretreatment with MELD restored the pathological alterations in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The MELD pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and regulated the lipid profile of the antioxidant system in the isoproterenol-induced rats. An inhibited myocardial necrosis was evidenced by the histopathological findings in MELD pretreated isoproterenol-induced rats. Our study shows that oral pretreatment with MELD prevents isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in myocardial infarction. The presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were confirmed by preliminary phytochemical tests. The reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of the MELD may be the possible reason for it pharmacological actions

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Repeated Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice

Particulate air pollution has been associated with increased risk of cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously demonstrated that single dose exposure to diesel exhaust particle (DEP) causes lung inflammation and peripheral thrombotic events. Here, we exposed mice with repeated doses of DEP (15µg/animal) every 2nd day for 6 days (a total of 4 exposures), and measured several cardiopulmonary endpoints 48 h after the end of the treatments. Moreover, the potential protective effect of curcumin (the yellow pigment isolated from turmeric) on DEP-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity was assessed. DEP exposure increased macrophage and neutrophil numbers, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and enhanced airway resistance to methacoline measured invasively using Flexivent. DEP also significantly increased plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF α concentrations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as the pial arteriolar thrombosis. It also significantly enhanced the plasma D-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Pretreatment with curcumin by oral gavage (45 mg/kg) 1h before exposure to DEP significantly prevented the influx of inflammatory cells and the increase of TNF α in BAL, and the increased airway resistance caused by DEP. Likewise, curcumin prevented the increase of SBP, CRP, TNF α, D-dimer and PAI-1. The thrombosis was partially but significantly mitigated. In conclusion, repeated exposure to DEP induced lung and systemic inflammation characterized by TNFα release, increased SBP, and accelerated coagulation. Our findings indicate that curcumin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that prevents the release of TNFα and protects against the pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of DEP

Random Projection-based Cancelable Template Generation for Sparsely Distributed Biometric Patterns

Cancelable biometrics, a template transformation approach, attempts to provide robustness for authentication services based on biometrics. Several biometric template protection techniques represent the biometric information in binary form as it provides benefits in matching and storage. In this context, it becomes clear that often such transformed binary representations can be easily compromised and breached. In this paper, we propose an efficient non-invertible template transformation approach using random projection technique and Discrete Fourier transformation to shield the binary biometric representations. The cancelable fingerprint templates designed by the proposed technique meets the requirements of revocability, diversity, non-invertibility and performance. The matching performance of the cancelable fingerprint templates generated using proposed technique, have improved when compared with the state-of-art methods