Evaluation of TLR4 expression and chosen parameters of oxidative-antioxidative balance in young children with food allergy.

The authors evaluated mRNA TLR4 expression on neutrophils and the chosen parameters of oxidative-antioxidative balance in blood of 35 children with food allergy (17 of them with IgE-dependent allergy and 18 with IgE-independent allergy) and 15 healthy children without any allergy. The age of these children ranged from 1 to 36 months. Children with food allergy in comparison with healthy children were found to have lower mRNA TLR4 expression, higher average value of chemiluminescence (CL) and its increase after stimulation by fMLP, PMA and OZ as well as lower TAS values. Disturbances of oxidative-antioxidative balance were found in children with food allergy. We suggest that natural immunity is involved in the development of food allergy mechanisms. Moreover, chemiluminescence can be used as an additional diagnostic test

The ketogenic diet in the treatment of diabetes type 2

Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Despite  advances in the medical world, obesity remains a major worldwide health hazard .The majority of chronic diseases like diabetes is largely related to obesity which is usually a product of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits. The ketogenic diet has become an increasingly popular approach for both weight loss and as an alternative diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, this diet has a positive effect on body weight, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma lipid profile. This review focuses on the therapeutic effectiveness of using LCKD for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Evaluation of leaf area index of winter wheat canopy by means of ground-based stereoscopic vision

audience: researcher, professiona

The role of tumor cells in the modification of T lymphocytes activity — the expression of the early CD69+, CD71+ and the late CD25+, CD26+, HLA/DR+ activation markers on T CD4+ and CD8+ cells in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Part I

The role of interactions between tumor cells and autologous immunocompetent cells, the impact on the modulation of the activity of T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, as well as the influence on the regulation and determination of antitumor cellular immune response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this study was to analyze early and late activation antigens expression on T cells subpopulations modified under the influence of the presence of cancer cells to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the local cellular immune response in carcinoma of the larynx. Cytofluorymetric analysis of the early (CD69+, CD71+) and late activation markers (CD25+ high, CD26+, HLA/DR+) expression on T CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells subpopulations in mixed cellular cultures of freshly isolated tumor cells (MLTMC) and non-cancerous normal epithelial cells (MLNCC) with immunocompetent cells was performed in 55 cases of squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The whole peripheral blood concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-γ in 21 h and 72 h of experiments were also measured by ELISA. The relationships between the activation markers expression depending on the type of cells used in co-cultures, as well as the level of secreted cytokines, were investigated. Our work has revealed a statistically significant dependence of cytofluorymetric results on the presence of TMC or NCC in mixed cellular cultures. Increased expression of CD69+, CD71+ and CD25+ high, CD26+, HLA/DR+ antigens on T CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells was higher in MLTMC cultures, in comparison with MLNCC. We demonstrated negative significant relationships of IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion with regard to CD4+CD69+, CD8+CD69+, CD4+CD71+, CD8+CD71+ antigens expression in 21 h of experiments without mitogenic stimulation. Furthermore, this study revealed negative significant relationships of IFN-g secretion with regard to CD4+HLA/DR+ and CD8+HLA/DR+ as well as between IL-10 concentration and CD4+HLA/DR+ in trials without PHA stimulation. Our findings have confirmed a key role for tumor cells in determining the function of T cells involved in the immunological processes and impact of neoplastic cells on modulating the activity of T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in laryngeal carcinoma. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 579–592

Prognostic value of the immunological phenomena and relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor — the expression of the early CD69+, CD71+and the late CD25+, CD26+, HLA/DR + activation markers on T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Part II

One of the most important challenges in contemporary oncology is to find objective biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness, which help to identify more invasive phenotypes of the carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the early and the late activation markers expression on T CD4+ and CD8+ cells subpopulations and certain clinicopathological characteristics of the neoplastic infiltration in order to determine their role as biomarkers for tumor behavior in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Analysis of the early (CD69+, CD71+) and the late activation antigens (CD25+ high, CD26+, HLA/DR+) expression on T CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes by cytofluorymetry in 55 patients treated for squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma was performed. Clinicomorphological analysis on the basis of TNM criteria and tumor front grading, which included tumor-related features and adjacent stroma-related characteristics of the peripheral edge of infiltration was carried out. The relationships between the activation markers expression and parameters of tumor aggressiveness were investigated. Our work revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of the studied activation markers on T cells with regard to certain clinicomorphological fetaures. The expressions of CD69+ and CD71+ antigens on T CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells as well as CD4+HLA/DR+ markers were higher for pT3 and pT4 tumors, in comparison with pT2 carcinomas. Moreover, tumors with the smallest number of TFG points were characterized by significantly lower values of the average expression of CD3+CD69+ and CD3+CD71+ as well as CD4+HLA/DR+ markers on T lymphocytes. In addition, more aggressive and deeply infiltrating laryngeal carcinomas were most often characterized by significantly higher values of the average expression of CD69+ and CD71+ antigens on CD8+ as well as HLA/DR+ markers on CD4+. Our study confirmed the implication of the early and the late activation antigens expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in clinicomorphological parameters of the tumor, especially TFG total score and depth of invasion, and their importance as indicators of the invasive phenotype of laryngeal carcinoma. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2011; Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 593–603

Definition of the Immune Parameters Related to COVID-19 Severity

A relevant portion of patients with disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) experience negative outcome, and several laboratory tests have been proposed to predict disease severity. Among others, dramatic changes in peripheral blood cells have been described. We developed and validated a laboratory score solely based on blood cell parameters to predict survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We retrospectively analyzed 1,619 blood cell count from 226 consecutively hospitalized COVID-19 patients to select parameters for inclusion in a laboratory score predicting severity of disease and survival. The score was derived from lymphocyte- and granulocyte-associated parameters and validated on a separate cohort of 140 consecutive COVID-19 patients. Using ROC curve analysis, a best cutoff for score of 30.6 was derived, which was associated to an overall 82.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 78–84) and 82.5% specificity (95% CI: 80–84) for detecting outcome. The scoring trend effectively separated survivor and non-survivor groups, starting 2 weeks before the end of the hospitalization period. Patients’ score time points were also classified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical according to the symptomatic oxygen therapy administered. Fluctuations of the score should be recorded to highlight a favorable or unfortunate trend of the disease. The predictive score was found to reflect and anticipate the disease gravity, defined by the type of the oxygen support used, giving a proof of its clinical relevance. It offers a fast and reliable tool for supporting clinical decisions and, most important, triage in terms of not only prioritization but also allocation of limited medical resources, especially in the period when therapies are still symptomatic and many are under development. In fact, a prolonged and progressive increase of the score can suggest impaired chances of survival and/or an urgent need for intensive care unit admission