Detection of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Upper Gulf of Thailand Using Sentinel-3A OLCI Imagery

This study aims to use Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) imagery for detecting phytoplankton blooms in the Upper Gulf of Thailand by using the Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI). The results showed that the MCI was able to detect phytoplankton blooms in the study area. The areas with intense phytoplankton blooms showed high MCI values. The radiance spectrum (with a reflectance peak at wavelength 708.75 nm) and the difference between baseline wavelengths 708.75 nm and 681.25 nm were quite high. High MCI values corresponded well with locations of phytoplankton blooms seen on RGB False-Color Composite images. Thus, time series analysis of MCIs obtained from Sentinel-3A OLCI images could be used in detecting, tracking, and delineating phytoplankton blooms

Sexual dimorphism of oxytocin and vasopressin in social cognition and behavior

Qiaoqiao Lu,1,2 Jianbo Lai,1,3–4 Yanli Du,2 Tingting Huang,2 Pornkanok Prukpitikul,2 Yi Xu,1,3–4 Shaohua Hu1,3–41Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 3Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaAbstract: The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are hormones that are known to mediate social behavior and cognition, but their influence may be sex-dependent. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the sex-related influence of OT and VP on social cognition, focusing on partner preference and sexual orientation, trust and relevant behaviors, memory modulation, and emotion regulation. Most studies have suggested that OT facilitates familiar-partner preference in both sexes, with females being more significant, increased trust in others, especially for male, enhanced memory in either sex, and reduced anxious emotion in males. However, VP-regulated social cognition has been less studied. Other relevant studies have indicated that VP facilitated familiar-partner preference, improved memory, induced empathy formation, increased positive-emotion recognition, and induced anxiety without any sex difference. However, there was a male preponderance among studies, and results were often too complex to draw firm conclusions. Clarifying the interplay between OT/VP and sex hormones in the regulation of social cognition is necessary for further applications.Keywords: oxytocin, vasopressin, sexual difference, social cognition, social behavio